牛

See also: 午 and 𓃾
牛 U+725B, 牛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-725B
← 牚
[U+725A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 牜 →
[U+725C]
⽜ U+2F5C, ⽜
KANGXI RADICAL COW
← ⽛
[U+2F5B] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽝ →
[U+2F5D]

Translingual
Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms
  • 牜 (U+725C) - used as a left radical component (not a standalone character)
  • 𠂒 (U+20092) - sometimes used as a top component

Han character

牛 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹手 (HQ), four-corner 25000, composition ⿻𠂉十)

  1. Kangxi radical #93, ⽜.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №19

Derived characters
  • Appendix:Chinese radical/牛
  • 件, 吽, 𡉯, 𫰔, 𡵜, 𢓐, 𢪧, 汼, 𭷽, 𨸡, 𨑴, 𣅫, 㭌, 犇, 𣧘, 𣬳, 𤰼, 𥝫, 䋅, 𦧋, 𧉖, 𧣈, 𧥸, 𧲤, 鈝, 𮓤 ,䭽, 𩲍, 𩵠, 𩿓, 䵓, 𬨹
  • 吿, 𭇤, 𡕘, 䒜, 𣁄, 𪺝, 㽚, 窂, 荦, 𬙮, 𧢻, 𤛗, 𤵃, 𨳯, 制

See also

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 697, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19922
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1800, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+725B

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 牛
alternative forms 𠂒

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 牛
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) .

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋwa.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • ngù - colloquial;
  • ngiù - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 牛
Mandarin Beijing /niou³⁵/
Harbin /niou²⁴/
Tianjin /niou⁴⁵/
Jinan /ȵiou⁴²/
Qingdao /niou⁴²/
Zhengzhou /niou⁴²/
/ou⁴²/
Xi'an /niou²⁴/
Xining /ȵiɯ²⁴/
Yinchuan /niəu⁵³/
Lanzhou /ȵiou⁵³/
Ürümqi /ȵiɤu⁵¹/
Wuhan /niəu²¹³/
Chengdu /ȵiəu³¹/
Guiyang /niəu²¹/
Kunming /niəu³¹/
Nanjing /liəɯ²⁴/
Hefei /liɯ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /niəu¹¹/
Pingyao /ȵiəu¹³/
Hohhot /niəu³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ȵiɤ²³/
Suzhou /ȵiɤ¹³/
Hangzhou /ȵiø²¹³/
Wenzhou /ŋau³¹/
Hui Shexian /niu⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ȵiu⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ȵiəu¹³/
Xiangtan /ȵiəɯ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /ȵiu⁴⁵/
/ŋiɛu⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /ŋiu¹¹/
Taoyuan /ŋiu¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ŋɐu²¹/
Nanning /ŋɐu²¹/
Hong Kong /ŋɐu²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /giu³⁵/
/gu³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋu⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /niu³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /gu⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ku³¹/
Rime
Character 牛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 語求切
Baxter ngjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋiu/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋuw/
Li
Rong		 /ŋiu/
Wang
Li		 /ŋĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yóu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 ngau4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 牛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 niú
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngjuw ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[ŋ]ʷə/ (< uvular?)
English ox

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 牛
Reading # 1/1
No. 9564
Phonetic
component		 牛
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 牛
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋʷɯ/

Definitions

牛

  1. bovine, e.g. cow, bull, ox, buffalo, bison, yak (Classifier: 頭／头 m c mb md; 條／条 m g h x; 隻／只 m c g mn w x)
  2. beef
    乾炒牛河／干炒牛河  ―  gānchǎo niúhé  ―  beef chow fun
    蛋牛治 [Cantonese]  ―  daan6-2 ngau4-2 zi6 [Jyutping]  ―  beef and egg sandwich
  3. stubborn; pigheaded
  4. (colloquial) arrogant
  5. (Mainland China, Mandarin, slang) awesome; powerful
    牛屄  ―  niúbī  ―  [vulgar] awesome
    牛人  ―  niúrén  ―  an awesome person
  6. (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Ox (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions)
  7. (physics) Short for 牛頓／牛顿 (niúdùn, “newton”).
  8. (Hong Kong Cantonese, computing) Short for 火牛 (“transformer”). (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
  9. a surname
    牛僧孺  ―  Niú Sēngrú  ―  Niu Sengru (Tang politician)

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 牛 (“bovine”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 牛
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 牛
Taxonomic name 牛
Mandarin Beijing 牛
Taiwan 牛
Tianjin 牛
Chengde 牛
Tangshan 牛
Cangzhou 牛
Baoding 牛
Shijiazhuang 牛
Chifeng 牛
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 牛
Heihe 牛
Qiqihar 牛
Harbin 牛
Jiamusi 牛
Baicheng 牛
Changchun 牛
Tonghua 牛
Shenyang 牛
Dandong 牛
Jinzhou 牛
Dalian 牛
Yantai 牛
Yantai (Muping) 牛
Qingdao 牛
Lijin 牛
Zhucheng 牛
Jinan 牛
Jining 牛
Luoyang 牛
Wanrong 牛
Shangqiu 牛
Yuanyang 牛
Zhengzhou 牛
Lingbao 牛
Xinyang 牛
Baihe 牛
Hanzhong 牛
Xi'an 牛
Baoji 牛
Yinchuan 牛
Tianshui 牛
Lanzhou 牛
Dunhuang 牛
Xining 牛
Hami 牛
Ürümqi 牛
Wuhan 牛
Yichang 牛
Xiangyang 牛
Tianmen 牛
Hong'an 牛
Chengdu 牛
Nanchong 牛
Dazhou 牛
Hanyuan 牛
Xichang 牛
Zigong 牛
Chongqing 牛
Guiyang 牛
Zunyi 牛
Bijie 牛
Liping 牛
Zhaotong 牛
Dali 牛
Kunming 牛
Mengzi 牛
Guilin 牛
Liuzhou 牛, 拖磨子
Jishou 牛
Changde 牛
Anqing 牛
Xuzhou 牛
Fuyang 牛
Wuhu 牛
Yangzhou 牛
Lianyungang 牛
Lianshui 牛
Nanjing 牛
Hefei 牛
Nantong 牛
Malaysia 牛
Singapore 牛
Cantonese Guangzhou 牛
Hong Kong 牛
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 牛
Macau 牛
Guangzhou (Panyu) 牛
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 牛
Guangzhou (Conghua) 牛
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 牛
Foshan 牛
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 牛
Foshan (Shunde) 牛
Foshan (Sanshui) 牛
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 牛
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 牛
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 牛
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 牛
Zhuhai (Doumen) 牛
Jiangmen (Baisha) 牛
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 牛
Taishan 牛
Kaiping (Chikan) 牛
Enping (Niujiang) 牛
Heshan (Yayao) 牛
Dongguan 牛
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 牛
Yangjiang 牛
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 牛
Singapore (Guangfu) 牛
Gan Nanchang 牛
Lichuan 牛
Pingxiang 牛
Hakka Meixian 牛
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 牛
Dongguan (Qingxi) 牛
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 牛
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 牛
Conghua (Lütian) 牛
Yudu 牛
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 牛仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 牛仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 牛
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 牛
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 牛
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 牛
Huizhou Shexian 牛
Jin Taiyuan 牛, 牛兒
Yangyuan 牛
Datong 牛
Xinzhou 牛
Lishi 牛
Linfen 牛
Changzhi 牛
Linhe 牛
Jining 牛
Hohhot 牛
Erenhot 牛
Pingshan 牛
Zhangjiakou 牛
Handan 牛
Linzhou 牛
Suide 牛
Northern Min Jian'ou 牛
Eastern Min Fuzhou 牛
Southern Min Xiamen 牛
Quanzhou 牛
Zhangzhou 牛
Zhao'an 牛
Taipei 牛
New Taipei (Sanxia) 牛
Kaohsiung 牛仔
Yilan 牛仔
Changhua (Lukang) 牛
Taichung 牛
Tainan 牛
Hsinchu 牛
Kinmen 牛
Penghu (Magong) 牛
Penang (Hokkien) 牛
Singapore (Hokkien) 牛
Manila (Hokkien) 牛
Chaozhou 牛
Shantou 牛
Shantou (Chenghai) 牛
Singapore (Teochew) 牛
Leizhou 牛
Wenchang 牛
Haikou 牛, 牛媽
Singapore (Hainanese) 牛
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 牛
Shehua Fu'an 牛
Fuding 牛
Luoyuan 牛
Sanming 牛
Shunchang 牛
Hua'an 牛
Guixi (Zhangping) 牛
Cangnan 牛
Jingning 牛
Lishui 牛
Longyou 牛
Chaozhou 牛
Fengshun 牛
Wu Shanghai 牛
Suzhou 牛
Danyang 牛
Wenzhou 牛
Jinhua 牛
Xiang Changsha 牛, 寶耕
Shuangfeng 牛
  • (beef): 牛肉 (niúròu)
  • (awesome):
Dialectal synonyms of 厲害 (“impressive; excellent; amazing; fantastic”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Mandarin Beijing 牛, 牛兒, 牛屄 vulgar
Taiwan 厲害, 棒
Malaysia 厲害, 夠力
Singapore 厲害
Cantonese Guangzhou 犀利, 勁
Hong Kong 犀利, 勁, 勁抽, 堅抽
Penang (Guangfu) 犀利
Singapore (Guangfu) 犀利, 勁
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 厲害, 慶
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 厲害, 慶, 壁
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 厲害, 慶
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 厲害, 慶
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 厲害, 慶
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 厲害, 慶
Hong Kong 叻
Kuching (Hepo) 慶
Southern Min Xiamen 厲害
Shishi 厲害
Zhao'an 厲害
Tainan 厲害
Penang (Hokkien) 厲害
Singapore (Hokkien) 厲害, 勥, 𠢕
Manila (Hokkien) 厲害, 勥, 𠢕
Haifeng 厲害
Singapore (Teochew) 厲害
Wu Shanghai 結棍
Suzhou 結棍
Wuxi 結棍
Hangzhou 結棍
Ningbo 結棍
Xiang Changsha 䏧腮
  • (transformer):
Dialectal synonyms of 變壓器 (“transformer”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 變壓器
Mandarin Taiwan 變壓器
Cantonese Guangzhou 火牛
Hong Kong 火牛
Taishan 火牛
Dongguan 火牛
Hakka Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 火牛
Southern Min Xiamen 變壓器
Shantou (Chaoyang) 火牛
Jieyang 火牛
Wu Shanghai 方棚

Descendants
  • Wutunhua: nek

Compounds

See also

References

Japanese

Kanji
牛

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. cow, ox, cattle

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
牛
うし
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *Osi.

Pronunciation

Noun

牛(うし) or 牛(ウシ) • (ushi) 

  1. cow, bull, ox, cattle, a domestic bovine
    Synonyms: (dialectal, Tohoku) べこ, (dialectal, Akita, Sendai, Shimokita, Tsugaru) べご, (dialectal, Kagoshima) べぶ
    • 1999 November 18, “牛(ぎゅう)魔(ま)人(じん) [Bull Jinn]”, in Vol.6, Konami:
      森(もり)に住(す)む牛(うし)の魔(ま)人(じん)。ツノを突(つ)き出(だ)し突(とっ)進(しん)して攻(こう)撃(げき)。
      Mori ni sumu ushi no majin. Tsuno o tsukidashi tosshin shite kōgeki.
      A bovine jinn who resides in the woods. He’ll charge at you and stick you with his horns.
    • 1999 December 1, “ミノタウルス [Minotaurus]”, in BOOSTER 6, Konami:
      すごい力(ちから)を持(も)つウシの怪(かい)物(ぶつ)。オノひと振(ふ)りで何(なに)でもなぎ倒(たお)す。
      Sugoi chikara o motsu ushi no kaibutsu. Ono hitofuri de nani demo nagitaosu.
      A bovine monster with tremendous power who chops up anyone in his way with one axe swing.
  2. beef
Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ウシ.

Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
牛
ぎゅう
Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 牛 (ngjuw, “cow”). Compare Hokkien 牛 (giû / ngiû).

Pronunciation

Noun

牛(ぎゅう) • (gyū) ←ぎう (giu)?

  1. cow, bull, ox, cattle
  2. beef
  3. (astronomy) Ox

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

牛 (eumhun 소 우 (so u))

  1. Hanja form? of 우 (“cow”).

Compounds

Okinawan

Kanji
牛

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
牛
うし
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Proto-Ryukyuan *Osi, from Proto-Japonic *Osi.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ʔuɕi/

Noun

牛(うし) (ushi) 

  1. cow, cattle

Derived terms

References
  • “うし【牛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

Han character

牛: Hán Nôm readings: ngưu, ngọ, ngỏ, ngõ, ngâu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yonaguni

Kanji

牛 (hiragana うち, romaji uchi)

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *Osi, from Proto-Japonic *Osi.

Noun

牛 (hiragana うち, romaji uchi)

  1. cow, cattle

References
  • “うち【牛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
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