< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/turma
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
Potentially from *tur- (“1. to stand 2. to stop”) + *-me, compare with the semantics of Turkish bitki from Turkish bitmek.
Declension
Declension of *turma
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *turma |
| Accusative | *turmanï, *turmag 4), *turmanïg 1) |
| Genitive | *turmanïŋ |
| Dative | *turmaka |
| Locative | *turmada |
| Ablative | *turmadan |
| Allative | *turmagaru |
| Instrumental 2) | *turman |
| Equative 2) | *turmača |
| Similative 2) | *turmalayu |
| Comitative 2) | *turmalugu |
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
Related terms
Descendants
- Oghuz:
- Salar: turma (“turnip”)
See also
| Foods - *yẹ̄miĺčler, *yẹ̄miĺčsāyïn | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Barley |
barley: *arpa |
%252C_A_pea_is_a_most_commonly_green.JPG.webp){kind=small} Pea |
beans, peas: *burčak |
 Wheat |
farro, wheat: *bugday |
 Jujube |
jujube: *yidge |
 Strawberry |
strawberry: *yidgelek |
 Apple |
apple: *almïla |
 Hazelnuts |
hazelnut: *bōńurï |
 Walnuts |
walnut: *yaŋgak |
 Honey |
honey: *bạl |
 Millet |
millet: *tạrïg |
 Onion |
onion: *sōgun |
 Salt |
salt: *tūŕ |
 Egg |
egg: *yumurtka |
 Butter |
butter: *yāg |
 Mushroom |
mushroom: *kömbe |
 Radish |
radish: *turp, *turma |
 Carrot |
carrot: *turma | ||
References
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2019-01-19) “turp”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “turma”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 549
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*turup / *turum”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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