< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skuldijōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *skuldijaz (“obligated, guilty”) +‎ *-ōną. Compare also West Germanic *skuldijan.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈskul.di.jɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*skuldijōną[1]

  1. to owe
  2. to commit a fault

Inflection
Conjugation of *skuldijōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skuldijō*skuldijǭ—*skuldijōi ?
2nd singular *skuldijōsi*skuldijōs*skuldijō*skuldijōsai*skuldijōsau
3rd singular *skuldijōþi*skuldijō*skuldijōþau*skuldijōþai*skuldijōþau
1st dual *skuldijōs*skuldijōw———
2nd dual *skuldijōþiz*skuldijōþiz*skuldijōþiz——
1st plural *skuldijōmaz*skuldijōm—*skuldijōnþai*skuldijōnþau
2nd plural *skuldijōþ*skuldijōþ*skuldijōþ*skuldijōnþai*skuldijōnþau
3rd plural *skuldijōnþi*skuldijōn*skuldijōnþau*skuldijōnþai*skuldijōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *skuldijōdǭ*skuldijōdēdį̄
2nd singular *skuldijōdēz*skuldijōdēdīz
3rd singular *skuldijōdē*skuldijōdēdī
1st dual *skuldijōdēdū*skuldijōdēdīw
2nd dual *skuldijōdēdudiz*skuldijōdēdīdiz
1st plural *skuldijōdēdum*skuldijōdēdīm
2nd plural *skuldijōdēdud*skuldijōdēdīd
3rd plural *skuldijōdēdun*skuldijōdēdīn
present past
participles *skuldijōndz*skuldijōdaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *skuldijōn
    • Old English: sċyldian
  • Old Norse: skylda

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*skulđjōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 345
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.