swḏ

See also: swD

Egyptian

Etymology

From s- (causative prefix) +‎ wḏ (“to command”).

Pronunciation

Verb
swDD
Y1

 caus. 2-lit.

  1. (transitive) to bequeath
    • c. 13th Dynasty, Naos of Hori, Kunsthistorisches Museum 186, Vienna:
      swDD
      w      		 T
      n
      Z2      		 O44t
      Z1
      Z2      		 T
      n
      Z2      		 n
      X      		 r
      d      		 Xrd
      Z2      		 T
      n
      Z2      		 miiD&d T
      n
      Z2
      […] swḏ.ṯn jꜣwt.ṯn n ẖrdw.ṯn mj ḏd.ṯn […]
      [… as] you wish to bequeath your offices to your children, so you should say […]

Inflection
Conjugation of swḏ (causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.) — base stem: swḏ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
swḏt, swḏ
 swḏw, swḏ
 swḏt
 swḏ
 swḏ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
swḏ
 ḥr swḏ
 m swḏ
 r swḏ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect swḏ.n
 swḏw, swḏ
 consecutive swḏ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative swḏt
perfective3 swḏ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 swḏ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective swḏ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 swḏw, swḏ, swḏy
 swḏw, swḏ, swḏy
 potentialis1 swḏ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive swḏ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect swḏ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective swḏ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 swḏ
 swḏ, swḏw5, swḏy5
imperfective swḏ, swḏy, swḏw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 swḏ, swḏj6, swḏy6
 swḏ, swḏw5
prospective swḏ, swḏtj7
 — swḏwtj1 4, swḏtj4, swḏt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of swḏ  
swwDA2
swDD
w
sM14Y1
swḏ swḏ swꜣḏ
[New Kingdom]

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 250, 257.
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