puna
English
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -uːnə
Noun
puna (plural punas)
- An alpine biological community in the central portion of the Andes in which short, coarse grass supports a Native American population.
- 2009, M. Hermann, T. Bernet, The transition of maca from neglect to market prominence, page 18:
- The overwhelming majority of maca roots are dried after harvest. In the cold, dry atmosphere of the puna the dried roots remain edible for several years. A minor proportion of the freshly harvested roots are roasted in huatias, earthen ovens […]
Derived terms
- puna canastero
- puna ground tyrant
- puna ibis
- puna miner
- puna plover
- puna snipe
- puna tapaculo
- puna teal
- puna thistletail
- puna tinamou
- puna yellow finch
Anagrams
Esperanto
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈpuna]
- Rhymes: -una
- Hyphenation: pu‧na
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *puna. Cognate to Finnish puna.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpunɑ/, [ˈpunɑ]
Declension
| Declension of puna (ÕS type 17/elu, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | puna | punad | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | puna | ||
| genitive | punade | ||
| partitive | puna | punasid | |
| illative | punna punasse |
punadesse | |
| inessive | punas | punades | |
| elative | punast | punadest | |
| allative | punale | punadele | |
| adessive | punal | punadel | |
| ablative | punalt | punadelt | |
| translative | punaks | punadeks | |
| terminative | punani | punadeni | |
| essive | punana | punadena | |
| abessive | punata | punadeta | |
| comitative | punaga | punadega | |
References
- “puna”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 [Estonian Spelling Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *puna, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *puna (“color, hair”). Cognate with Erzya пона (pona, “hair”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpunɑ/, [ˈpunɑ̝]
- Rhymes: -unɑ
- Syllabification(key): pu‧na
Declension
| Inflection of puna (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | puna | punat | ||
| genitive | punan | punien | ||
| partitive | punaa | punia | ||
| illative | punaan | puniin | ||
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | puna | punat | ||
| accusative | nom. | puna | punat | |
| gen. | punan | |||
| genitive | punan | punien punainrare | ||
| partitive | punaa | punia | ||
| inessive | punassa | punissa | ||
| elative | punasta | punista | ||
| illative | punaan | puniin | ||
| adessive | punalla | punilla | ||
| ablative | punalta | punilta | ||
| allative | punalle | punille | ||
| essive | punana | punina | ||
| translative | punaksi | puniksi | ||
| abessive | punatta | punitta | ||
| instructive | — | punin | ||
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | |||
| Possessive forms of puna (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Derived terms
- huulipuna
- infrapuna
- lihaspuna
- meksikonpunapolvitarantula
- noropunatähkä
- Petteri Punakuono
- poskipuna
- puna-aavetetra
- puna-ahven
- puna-ailakki
- puna-alpi
- puna-apila
- puna-ara
- puna-armeija
- punaevätetra
- punahammasahven
- punaharmaa
- punahattu
- punahehku
- punahehkuinen
- punaheikkous
- punaheltta
- punahelttainen
- punaherukka
- punahierakka
- Punahilkka
- punahirvi
- punahohteinen
- punahohtoinen
- punahome
- punahomejuusto
- punahonka
- punahukka
- punahuuli
- punahuulinen
- punahäntämarakatti
- punahärö
- punaihoinen
- punailves
- punajalkahapero
- punajalkahaukka
- punajalkaviklo
- punajuuri
- punajuurikas
- punajäkälä
- punajättikenguru
- punakaali
- punakaarti
- punakampela
- punakaniini
- punakapina
- punakardinaali
- punakasvoinen
- punakaulahanhi
- punakaulakenguru
- punakekomuurahainen
- punakellertävä
- punakellervä
- punakeltainen
- punakettu
- punakhmer
- punakirjava
- punakirjoseitikki
- punakoiso
- punakoivu
- punakone
- punakoralli
- punakorvakilpikonna
- punakottarainen
- punakuiri
- punakukkainen
- punakulta
- punakuorinen
- punakuvioinen
- punakylkinen
- punakylkirastas
- punakynä
- punakärpässieni
- punakääpä
- punalakkimuura
- punalakkinen
- punalappu
- punalaputettu
- punalehti
- punalehtinen
- punaleimainen
- punaleppä
- punalevä
- punalihainen
- punalippu
- punalohi
- punamerikorva
- punamulta
- punamusta
- punamusta puu
- punamuurahainen
- punamyyrä
- punanahka
- punanenäinen
- punaniskavallabi
- punanäppy
- punaolkaturpiaali
- punaorava
- punapahkasieni
- punapaita
- punapaitainen
- punapapu
- punaparsaherne
- punapeippi
- punapensselisika
- punapersepaviaani
- punaperäfasaani
- punapilleröity
- punapippuri
- punaposki
- punaposkiliituri
- punaposkinen
- punapuu
- punapyrstölepinkäinen
- punapyy
- punapyökki
- punapäinen
- punapää
- punapäänarsku
- punaraitainen
- punarinta
- punarintarastas
- punarousku
- punaruskea
- punaruutuinen
- punasarja
- punaselkämuura
- punasiirtymä
- punasikuri
- punasilmäinen
- punasimppu
- punasipuli
- punasleipä
- punasokeus
- punasolu
- punasotka
- punasuolayrtti
- punasuomuseitikki
- punasusi
- punatakki
- punatakkinen
- punatauti
- punatautinen
- punatavi
- punatetra
- punatiikeripeippo
- punatiili
- punatiilinen
- punatukka
- punatukkainen
- punatulimuurahainen
- punatulkku
- punatyviseitikki
- punatähkä
- punatähti
- punatäplärousku
- punavalkea
- punavalkoinen
- punavaloinen
- punavarpunen
- punavatsamaki
- puna-viherheikkous
- puna-vihersokea
- puna-vihersokeus
- punavihervärisokea
- punavihreä
- punaviidakkokana
- punaviini
- punaviinimarja
- punaviiva
- punavilla-apina
- Punavuori
- punavyöseitikki
- punaväriminttu
- ruusunpuna
- sinipuna
- sinipunahallitus
- sinooperipuna
- venetsianpuna
- verenpuna
Further reading
- “puna”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03
Anagrams
French
Further reading
- “puna”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician
Hawaiian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Polynesian *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Oceanic *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puna (“source; origin”), from Proto-Austronesian *puna (“source; origin”). Cognate to Maori puna, Samoan puna.[1][2][3]
Etymology 2
| Chemical element | |
|---|---|
| Ca | |
| Previous: pokakiuma (K) | |
| Next: kaniuma (Sc) | |
From Proto-Polynesian *puŋa (“coral rock”) (compare with Maori punga (“coral, anchor”) and pungapunga (“pumice”), Tahitian puʻa (“coral, lime”), Tongan punga, Samoan puga)[1] from Proto-Oceanic *buŋa (“white, porous coral or growth”) (compare with Fijian vuga), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa ni batu (“coral sponge, lit. 'stone bloom'”) from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *buŋa (“flower”) (compare with Malay bunga (“flower”) and bunga karang (“sponge”), Tagalog bunga (“fruit”)).[4][5] Doublet of pua.
Etymology 3
Cognate with Maori pungapunga (“ankle”) and Samoan puga (“groin”).[6]
Etymology 4
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Related terms
- punapuna
References
- Pukui, Mary Kawena, Elbert, Samuel H. (1986) “puna”, in Hawaiian Dictionary, revised & enlarged edition, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press, →ISBN, page 355
- Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “puna”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
- Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*puna”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
- Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “puga.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
- Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (2008) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 2: The Physical Environment, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, page 108
- Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “puga.2b”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
Ingrian
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈpunɑ/, [ˈpunɑ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈpunɑ/, [ˈpunɑ]
- Rhymes: -unɑ
- Hyphenation: pu‧na
Declension
| Declension of puna (type 3/kana, no gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | puna | punat |
| genitive | punan | punnoin |
| partitive | punnaa | punoja |
| illative | punnaa | punnoi |
| inessive | punas | punois |
| elative | punast | punoist |
| allative | punalle | punoille |
| adessive | punal | punoil |
| ablative | punalt | punoilt |
| translative | punaks | punoiks |
| essive | punanna, punnaan | punoinna, punnoin |
| exessive1) | punant | punoint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Derived terms
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 441
Maori
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Oceanic *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puna (“source; origin”), from Proto-Austronesian *puna (“source; origin”). Cognate to Hawaiian puna, Samoan puna.[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpu.na/, [ˈpʉ.nɐ]
References
- Tregear, Edward (1891) Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary, Wellington, New Zealand: Lyon and Blair, page 73
- Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “puna”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
- Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*puna”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Further reading
- “puna” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.
Pali
Alternative forms
- 𑀧𑀼𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- पुन (Devanagari script)
- পুন (Bengali script)
- පුන (Sinhalese script)
- ပုန or ပုၼ (Burmese script)
- ปุน or ปุนะ (Thai script)
- ᨷᩩᨶ or ᨸᩩᨶ (Tai Tham script)
- ປຸນ or ປຸນະ (Lao script)
- បុន (Khmer script)
- 𑄛𑄪𑄚 (Chakma script)
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: pu‧na
Verb
puna
- inflection of punir:
- first/third-person singular present subjunctive
- third-person singular imperative
Quechua
- Not to be confused with phuña
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | puna | punakuna |
| accusative | punata | punakunata |
| dative | punaman | punakunaman |
| genitive | punap | punakunap |
| locative | punapi | punakunapi |
| terminative | punakama | punakunakama |
| ablative | punamanta | punakunamanta |
| instrumental | punawan | punakunawan |
| comitative | punantin | punakunantin |
| abessive | punannaq | punakunannaq |
| comparative | punahina | punakunahina |
| causative | punarayku | punakunarayku |
| benefactive | punapaq | punakunapaq |
| associative | punapura | punakunapura |
| distributive | punanka | punakunanka |
| exclusive | punalla | punakunalla |
| ñuqap (my) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | punay | punaykuna |
| accusative | punayta | punaykunata |
| dative | punayman | punaykunaman |
| genitive | punaypa | punaykunap |
| locative | punaypi | punaykunapi |
| terminative | punaykama | punaykunakama |
| ablative | punaymanta | punaykunamanta |
| instrumental | punaywan | punaykunawan |
| comitative | punaynintin | punaykunantin |
| abessive | punayninnaq | punaykunannaq |
| comparative | punayhina | punaykunahina |
| causative | punayrayku | punaykunarayku |
| benefactive | punaypaq | punaykunapaq |
| associative | punaypura | punaykunapura |
| distributive | punayninka | punaykunanka |
| exclusive | punaylla | punaykunalla |
| qampa (your) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | punayki | punaykikuna |
| accusative | punaykita | punaykikunata |
| dative | punaykiman | punaykikunaman |
| genitive | punaykipa | punaykikunap |
| locative | punaykipi | punaykikunapi |
| terminative | punaykikama | punaykikunakama |
| ablative | punaykimanta | punaykikunamanta |
| instrumental | punaykiwan | punaykikunawan |
| comitative | punaykintin | punaykikunantin |
| abessive | punaykinnaq | punaykikunannaq |
| comparative | punaykihina | punaykikunahina |
| causative | punaykirayku | punaykikunarayku |
| benefactive | punaykipaq | punaykikunapaq |
| associative | punaykipura | punaykikunapura |
| distributive | punaykinka | punaykikunanka |
| exclusive | punaykilla | punaykikunalla |
| paypa (his/her/its) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | punan | punankuna |
| accusative | punanta | punankunata |
| dative | punanman | punankunaman |
| genitive | punanpa | punankunap |
| locative | punanpi | punankunapi |
| terminative | punankama | punankunakama |
| ablative | punanmanta | punankunamanta |
| instrumental | punanwan | punankunawan |
| comitative | punanintin | punankunantin |
| abessive | punanninnaq | punankunannaq |
| comparative | punanhina | punankunahina |
| causative | punanrayku | punankunarayku |
| benefactive | punanpaq | punankunapaq |
| associative | punanpura | punankunapura |
| distributive | punaninka | punankunanka |
| exclusive | punanlla | punankunalla |
| ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | punanchik | punanchikkuna |
| accusative | punanchikta | punanchikkunata |
| dative | punanchikman | punanchikkunaman |
| genitive | punanchikpa | punanchikkunap |
| locative | punanchikpi | punanchikkunapi |
| terminative | punanchikkama | punanchikkunakama |
| ablative | punanchikmanta | punanchikkunamanta |
| instrumental | punanchikwan | punanchikkunawan |
| comitative | punanchiknintin | punanchikkunantin |
| abessive | punanchikninnaq | punanchikkunannaq |
| comparative | punanchikhina | punanchikkunahina |
| causative | punanchikrayku | punanchikkunarayku |
| benefactive | punanchikpaq | punanchikkunapaq |
| associative | punanchikpura | punanchikkunapura |
| distributive | punanchikninka | punanchikkunanka |
| exclusive | punanchiklla | punanchikkunalla |
| ñuqaykup (our(excl)) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | punayku | punaykukuna |
| accusative | punaykuta | punaykukunata |
| dative | punaykuman | punaykukunaman |
| genitive | punaykupa | punaykukunap |
| locative | punaykupi | punaykukunapi |
| terminative | punaykukama | punaykukunakama |
| ablative | punaykumanta | punaykukunamanta |
| instrumental | punaykuwan | punaykukunawan |
| comitative | punaykuntin | punaykukunantin |
| abessive | punaykunnaq | punaykukunannaq |
| comparative | punaykuhina | punaykukunahina |
| causative | punaykurayku | punaykukunarayku |
| benefactive | punaykupaq | punaykukunapaq |
| associative | punaykupura | punaykukunapura |
| distributive | punaykunka | punaykukunanka |
| exclusive | punaykulla | punaykukunalla |
| qamkunap (your(pl)) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | punaykichik | punaykichikkuna |
| accusative | punaykichikta | punaykichikkunata |
| dative | punaykichikman | punaykichikkunaman |
| genitive | punaykichikpa | punaykichikkunap |
| locative | punaykichikpi | punaykichikkunapi |
| terminative | punaykichikkama | punaykichikkunakama |
| ablative | punaykichikmanta | punaykichikkunamanta |
| instrumental | punaykichikwan | punaykichikkunawan |
| comitative | punaykichiknintin | punaykichikkunantin |
| abessive | punaykichikninnaq | punaykichikkunannaq |
| comparative | punaykichikhina | punaykichikkunahina |
| causative | punaykichikrayku | punaykichikkunarayku |
| benefactive | punaykichikpaq | punaykichikkunapaq |
| associative | punaykichikpura | punaykichikkunapura |
| distributive | punaykichikninka | punaykichikkunanka |
| exclusive | punaykichiklla | punaykichikkunalla |
| paykunap (their) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | punanku | punankukuna |
| accusative | punankuta | punankukunata |
| dative | punankuman | punankukunaman |
| genitive | punankupa | punankukunap |
| locative | punankupi | punankukunapi |
| terminative | punankukama | punankukunakama |
| ablative | punankumanta | punankukunamanta |
| instrumental | punankuwan | punankukunawan |
| comitative | punankuntin | punankukunantin |
| abessive | punankunnaq | punankukunannaq |
| comparative | punankuhina | punankukunahina |
| causative | punankurayku | punankukunarayku |
| benefactive | punankupaq | punankukunapaq |
| associative | punankupura | punankukunapura |
| distributive | punankunka | punankukunanka |
| exclusive | punankulla | punankukunalla |
Samoan
Etymology
From Proto-Polynesian *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Oceanic *puna (“spring of water”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puna (“source; origin”), from Proto-Austronesian *puna (“source; origin”). Cognate to Hawaiian puna, Maori puna.[1][2]
References
- George Pratt (1861) “puna”, in Samoan dictionary: English and Samoan and Samoan and English with a short grammar of the Samoan dialect, Matautu, Samoa: London Missionary Society Press, page 171
Serbo-Croatian
Adjective
puna
- inflection of pun:
- feminine nominative/vocative singular
- indefinite masculine/neuter genitive singular
- indefinite animate masculine accusative singular
- neuter nominative/accusative/vocative plural
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈpuna/ [ˈpu.na]
- Rhymes: -una
- Syllabification: pu‧na
Noun
puna f (plural punas)
- (Latin America) puna, Andean plateau
- (Latin America) altitude sickness
- (Latin America) Cold mountain wind
Derived terms
Descendants
- → English: puna
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
puna
- inflection of punir:
- first/third-person singular present subjunctive
- third-person singular imperative
Further reading
- “puna”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swahili
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -puna | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Tagalog
Alternative forms
- pona — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /puˈna/, [pʊˈna]
- Hyphenation: pu‧na
Noun
puná (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜓᜈ)
Derived terms
Further reading
- “puna”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *puna.
Pronunciation
- (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈpunɑ/, [ˈpunɑ]
- Rhymes: -unɑ
- Hyphenation: pu‧na
Inflection
| Declension of puna (type V/poikõ, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | puna | — |
| genitive | puna | — |
| partitive | punna | — |
| illative | punnasõ, punna | — |
| inessive | punaz | — |
| elative | punassõ | — |
| allative | punalõ | — |
| adessive | punallõ | — |
| ablative | punaltõ | — |
| translative | punassi | — |
| *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ***) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive. | ||
Derived terms
References
- Hallap, V., Adler, E., Grünberg, S., Leppik, M. (2012) “puna”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn