li-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "li"

Curripaco

Prefix

li-

  1. third person singular masculine agent marker

References
  • Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398

Mokilese

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /li-/

Prefix

li-

  1. prone to, able to

Munsee

Preverb

li-[1]

  1. In a certain manner; in a certain way;

References
  1. O'Meara, John (2014) “li-”, in Delaware-English/English-Delaware Dictionary (Heritage), Toronto: University of Toronto Press, published 1996, →ISBN

Northern Ndebele

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *ni-.

Prefix

li-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *ní-.

Prefix

li-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

  1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

Phuthi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *ni-.

Prefix

li-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *ní-.

Prefix

li-

  1. you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

li-

  1. Class 5 noun prefix.

Etymology 4

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

  1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

Southern Ndebele

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

  1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

Swahili
Other scripts
Ajami لِـ

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

  1. it, ji class(V) subject concord
    • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎, translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 11:
      مُيُ وَاغُ نِنِ هُزُدُكَانِ ، لِكُغُرِيِلُ هِيْلَ نِنْنِ ،
      Moyo wangu nini huzundukani, likughuriyelo hela ni-n'ni?
      Soul, why not awake? Hi! what is it that cheats you?
  2. verb-initial form of -li- (“it, ji class(V) object concord”)

See also
Swahili verbal concords (third person)
Class Subject concord Object concord Relative
affirmative negative
m(I) a-, yu- ha-, hayu- -m-, -mw-, -mu- -ye
wa(II) wa- hawa- -wa- -o
m(III) u- hau- -u- -o
mi(IV) i- hai- -i- -yo
ji(V) li- hali- -li- -lo
ma(VI) ya- haya- -ya- -yo
ki(VII) ki- haki- -ki- -cho
vi(VIII) vi- havi- -vi- -vyo
n(IX) i- hai- -i- -yo
n(X) zi- hazi- -zi- -zo
u(XI) u- hau- -u- -o
ku(XV/XVII) ku- haku- -ku- -ko
pa(XVI) pa- hapa- -pa- -po
mu(XVIII) m-, mw-, mu- ham-, hamw-, hamu- -mu- -mo
For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.

Swazi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

li-

  1. Class 5 noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

  1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

Tocharian B

Verb

li-

  1. to wipe away
  2. to cleanse oneself

Tooro

Alternative forms
  • (before vowels) ly-

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /li-/

Prefix

li-

  1. class 5 pronominal concord
    ‎li- + ‎-nu (“this, these”) → ‎linu (“this (class 5)”)
  2. it; class 5 subject concord
    ‎li- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎likora (“it (class 5) does”)
  3. positive imperative form of -li- (“it; class 5 object concord”)
    ‎li- + ‎-ha (“to give”) → ‎liha (“give it (class 5)”)

See also
Tooro personal pronouns
Class Person Independent Possessive Subject concord Object concord Combined forms
na ni
Class 1First nyowe, nye -ange n- -n- nanyowe, nanye ninyowe, ninye
Second iwe -awe o- -ku- naiwe niiwe
Third uwe -e a- -mu- nawe nuwe
Class 2First itwe -aitu tu- -tu- naitwe niitwe
Second inywe -anyu mu- -ba- nainywe niinywe
Third abo -abo ba- -ba- nabo nubo
Class 3 gwo -agwo gu- -gu- nagwo nugwo
Class 4 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
Class 5 lyo -alyo li- -li- nalyo niryo
Class 6 go -ago ga- -ga- nago nugo
Class 7 kyo -akyo ki- -ki- nakyo nikyo
Class 8 byo -abyo bi- -bi- nabyo nibyo
Class 9 yo -ayo e- -gi- nayo niyo
Class 10 zo -azo zi- -zi- nazo nizo
Class 11 rwo -arwo ru- -ru- narwo nurwo
Class 12 ko -ako ka- -ka- nako nuko
Class 13 two -atwo tu- -tu- natwo nutwo
Class 14 bwo -abwo bu- -bu- nabwo nubwo
Class 15 kwo -akwo ku- -ku- nakwo nukwo
Class 16 ho -aho ha- -ha- naho nuho
Class 17 (kwo) N/A ha-
(...-yo)		 -ha- N/A nukwo
Class 18 (mwo) -amwo ha-
(...-mu)		 -ha- N/A numwo
Reflexive -enyini, -onyini — -e- —

References
  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 414

Unami

Preverb

li-[1]

  1. In a certain manner; in a certain way; toward

References
  1. Rementer, Jim with Pearson, Bruce L. (2005) chapter LI, in Leneaux, Grant, Whritenour, Raymond, editors, The Lenape Talking Dictionary, The Lenape Language Preservation Project

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

li-

  1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

Zulu

Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

Prefix

li-

  1. Class 5 simple noun prefix.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

Prefix

lí-

  1. he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
  2. him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

References
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