< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yẹr

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions
  • *yer

Noun

yẹr[1]

  1. earth, ground, land
    Antonym: *kȫk (“sky, firmament”)

Declension
Declension of *yẹr
Singular 3)
Nominative *yẹr
Accusative *yẹrni, *yẹrig 4), *yẹrnig 1)
Genitive *yẹrniŋ
Dative *yẹrke
Locative *yẹrte
Ablative *yẹrten
Allative *yẹrgerü
Instrumental 2) *yẹrin
Equative 2) *yẹrče
Similative 2) *yẹrleyü
Comitative 2) *yẹrligü
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: ҫӗр (śĕr)
    • → Hungarian: szer
  • Common Turkic:
  • Karakhanid:
  • Kipchak: [script needed] (yer)[2]
    • East Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: ер (yer)
      • Tatar: җир (cir), cir
    • South Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
      • Karaim: йэр
      • Kumyk-Karachay:
      • Crimean Tatar-Krymchak:
        • Krymchak: йер
        • Crimean Tatar: yer
  • Arghu
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Turkmen-Khorasan:
  • Siberian Turkic:
    • Altai-Yenisei Turkic:
      • Northern Altai:
        Chelkan: тьер (tʹyer), йер (yer)
        Kumandy: чер (čer), тьер (tʹyer)
        Tuba: јер (ǰer), чер (čer)
      • Yenisei Turkic:
    • Sayan Turkic:
    • Yakut-Dolgan:
    • Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰼 (yer), 𐰘𐰃𐰼 (yir)
      • Western Yugur: yer

References
  1. Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jẹr”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  2. The template Template:R:qwm:Toparlı does not use the parameter(s): 
    title=yer
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Toparlı, Recep (2007) Kıpçak Türkçesi Sözlüğü‎, 2nd edition, Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu, →ISBN, page 319
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