< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yāŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

Noun

*yāŕ

  1. summer, spring

Declension
Declension of *yāŕ
Singular 3)
Nominative *yāŕ
Accusative *yāŕnï, *yāŕïg 4), *yāŕnïg 1)
Genitive *yāŕnïŋ
Dative *yāŕka
Locative *yāŕta
Ablative *yāŕtan
Allative *yāŕgaru
Instrumental 2) *yāŕïn
Equative 2) *yāŕča
Similative 2) *yāŕlayu
Comitative 2) *yāŕlïgu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: ҫур (śur)
    • →? Hungarian: nyár
  • Common Turkic: *yāz
  • Arghu:
  • Oghuz:
  • Kipchak:
    • West Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
    • South Kipchak:
    • East Kipchak:
  • Karluk:
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic:
    • North Siberian:
      • Dolgan: [script needed] (hās)
      • Yakut: саас (saas)
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan Turkic:
        • Tofa: [script needed] (čaš)
        • Tuvan: час (ças)
      • Yenisei Turkic:

See also
Seasons in Proto-Turkic (layout · text) · category
*yāŕ (“spring”)
*yāy (“spring”)		 *yāŕ (“summer”)
*yāy (“summer”)		 *kǖŕ (“autumn”) *kïĺ (“winter”)

References
  1. Rédei, Károly (1986–88) Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, page 324
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “*ya:z (ñ-)”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 982
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jāŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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