< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ayaŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions
  • *hayaŕ
  • *āyaŕ

Etymology

Nişanyan and Eren both suggest a derivation from *āya- (“to become clear; to have a moon”) itself from *āy (“moon”). Note that both this word and *āy have initial h- in Khalaj.

Noun

*ayaŕ

  1. clear sky
  2. frost

Declension
Declension of *ayaŕ
Singular 3)
Nominative *ayaŕ
Accusative *ayaŕnï, *ayaŕïg 4), *ayaŕnïg 1)
Genitive *ayaŕnïŋ
Dative *ayaŕka
Locative *ayaŕta
Ablative *ayaŕtan
Allative *ayaŕgaru
Instrumental 2) *ayaŕïn
Equative 2) *ayaŕča
Similative 2) *ayaŕlayu
Comitative 2) *ayaŕlïgu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: уяр (ujar, “clear”)
  • Common Turkic: *ayaz
  • Arghu:
  • Oghuz:
    • Proto-Oghuz: *ayaz
      • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayaz)
      • Turkmen: aýaz
  • Karluk:
  • Kipchak:
    • Kipchak: اياز (ayaz)
      • North Kipchak:
      • West Kipchak:
      • South Kipchak:
        • Caspian:
        • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic:
      • Old Uyghur:
        • Western Yugur: [script needed] (ajas)
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan Turkic:
        • Tuvan: аяс (ayas)
      • Yenisei Turkic:
        • Khakas: аяс (ayas)

References
  • al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 123
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “aya:s”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 276
  • Eren, Hasan (1999) “ayaz”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 26
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ayaz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 102
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ańaŕ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 11
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