< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xula
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Main lines of reasoning:
- Of onomatopoeic or expressive origin, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew- (“to shout, to scold”), originally meaning “taunt”. Related to Proto-Slavic *čьvati, *ščьvati (“to bark, to slander, to harass”).
- Of physical nature, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ksew- (“to scrape, to injure”), originally meaning “physical attack, offend”. Related to Proto-Slavic *xudъ (“injured, weak”), possibly Proto-Slavic *xytiti (“to assault”).
Inflection
Declension of *xūlà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm b)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xūlà | *xũlě | *xūlỳ |
| genitive | *xūlỳ | *xūlù | *xũlъ |
| dative | *xūlě̀ | *xūlàma | *xūlàmъ |
| accusative | *xūlǫ̀ | *xũlě | *xūlỳ |
| instrumental | *xūlòjǫ, *xũlǫ** | *xūlàma | *xūlàmī |
| locative | *xūlě̀ | *xūlù | *xūlàsъ, *xūlàxъ* |
| vocative | *xulo | *xũlě | *xūlỳ |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Derived terms
- *xuliti (“to vilify, to offend”)
- *xulьnъ (“insulting”)
- *xulovati (“to commit blasphemy”)
- *xulostь, *xulьstvo (“sacrilege, blasphemy”)
Related terms
- *xyliti (sę) (“to cripple, to bend down”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хула”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xula I”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 114
References
- Olander, Thomas (2001) “xula xuly”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b/c (SA 78, 187 / PR 132)”
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “huliti se”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “prim. iz pslovan. *xula̋”
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