< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudьnъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Usage notes
In South Slavic, the word developed an additional meaning pregnant, probably a calque of Ottoman Turkish یوکلو (literally: burdened, loaded → pregnant).
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *trudьnъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *trudьnъ | *trudьna | *trudьno |
| genitive | *trudьna | *trudьny | *trudьna |
| dative | *trudьnu | *trudьně | *trudьnu |
| accusative | *trudьnъ | *trudьnǫ | *trudьno |
| instrumental | *trudьnomь | *trudьnojǫ | *trudьnomь |
| locative | *trudьně | *trudьně | *trudьně |
| vocative | *trudьne | *trudьno | *trudьno |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *trudьna | *trudьně | *trudьně |
| genitive | *trudьnu | *trudьnu | *trudьnu |
| dative | *trudьnoma | *trudьnama | *trudьnoma |
| accusative | *trudьna | *trudьně | *trudьně |
| instrumental | *trudьnoma | *trudьnama | *trudьnoma |
| locative | *trudьnu | *trudьnu | *trudьnu |
| vocative | *trudьna | *trudьně | *trudьně |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *trudьni | *trudьny | *trudьna |
| genitive | *trudьnъ | *trudьnъ | *trudьnъ |
| dative | *trudьnomъ | *trudьnamъ | *trudьnomъ |
| accusative | *trudьny | *trudьny | *trudьna |
| instrumental | *trudьny | *trudьnami | *trudьny |
| locative | *trudьněxъ | *trudьnaxъ | *trudьněxъ |
| vocative | *trudьni | *trudьny | *trudьna |
Definite declension of *trudьnъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *trudьnъjь | *trudьnaja | *trudьnoje |
| genitive | *trudьnajego | *trudьnyję̇ | *trudьnajego |
| dative | *trudьnujemu | *trudьněji | *trudьnujemu |
| accusative | *trudьnъjь | *trudьnǫjǫ | *trudьnoje |
| instrumental | *trudьnyjimь | *trudьnǫjǫ | *trudьnyjimь |
| locative | *trudьnějemь | *trudьněji | *trudьnějemь |
| vocative | *trudьnъjь | *trudьnaja | *trudьnoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *trudьnaja | *trudьněji | *trudьněji |
| genitive | *trudьnuju | *trudьnuju | *trudьnuju |
| dative | *trudьnyjima | *trudьnyjima | *trudьnyjima |
| accusative | *trudьnaja | *trudьněji | *trudьněji |
| instrumental | *trudьnyjima | *trudьnyjima | *trudьnyjima |
| locative | *trudьnuju | *trudьnuju | *trudьnuju |
| vocative | *trudьnaja | *trudьněji | *trudьněji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *trudьniji | *trudьnyję̇ | *trudьnaja |
| genitive | *trudьnъjixъ | *trudьnъjixъ | *trudьnъjixъ |
| dative | *trudьnyjimъ | *trudьnyjimъ | *trudьnyjimъ |
| accusative | *trudьnyję̇ | *trudьnyję̇ | *trudьnaja |
| instrumental | *trudьnyjimi | *trudьnyjimi | *trudьnyjimi |
| locative | *trudьnyjixъ | *trudьnyjixъ | *trudьnyjixъ |
| vocative | *trudьniji | *trudьnyję̇ | *trudьnaja |
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “trudny”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “trudny”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
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