< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/tъrkati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Vasmer presumes onomatopoeic origin. Snoj derives it from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tr̥H-kе́h₂-ti, from a k-extension of *terh₁- (“to prick, pierce”) (whence Proto-Slavic *terti). Possible influenced by *tъrkъ (“sudden move, shift”). Related to Lithuanian tùrkti (“to scour, to sweep”) (obsolete), perhaps tur̃kti (“to resonate, to rasp (of sound)”).

Verb

*tъ̀rkati impf[1]

  1. (North Slavic) to shove, to throb, to prod
  2. (South Slavic) to rub, to scrub

Inflection
Conjugation of *tъrkati, *tъrka, *tъrkajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm a)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*tъrkanьje *tъrkati *tъrkatъ *tъrkalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *tъrkanъ *tъrkajemъ
Active *tъrkavъ *tъrkaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *tъrkaxъ*tъrka*tъrka *tъrkajǫ*tъrkaješi*tъrkajetь
Dual *tъrkaxově*tъrkasta*tъrkaste *tъrkajevě*tъrkajeta*tъrkajete
Plural *tъrkaxomъ*tъrkaste*tъrkašę *tъrkajemъ*tъrkajete*tъrkajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *tъrkaaxъ*tъrkaaše*tъrkaaše —*tъrkaji*tъrkaji
Dual *tъrkaaxově*tъrkaašeta*tъrkaašete *tъrkajivě*tъrkajita—
Plural *tъrkaaxomъ*tъrkaašete*tъrkaaxǫ *tъrkajimъ*tъrkajite—
  • *terti (“to rub”)
  • *tьrstь (“reed”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: тарка́ць (tarkácʹ)
    • Russian: то́ркать (tórkatʹ)
    • Ukrainian: торка́ти (torkáty)
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: тъ́ркам (tǎ́rkam)
    • Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: tȑkati
    • Slovene: tr̄kati (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: trkat, strkati
    • Middle Polish: tarchać, tarkać
      • Polish: turkać
    • Slovak: strkať
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: starkaś
      • Upper Sorbian: storkać

References
  1. Snoj, Marko (2016) “tr̄kati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *tъ̋rkati”

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “торкать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “торкати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
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