< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/strьmъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Superceded the earlier i-stem *strьmь + *-ъ (still attested as an indeclinable form in OCS). Attested with o-vocalism in Polish stromy and Belarusian стро́мы (strómy).
Besides the adjective, Russian also has an abstract noun стрём (strjom, “fear, anxiety”), ultimately of the same origin.
Declension
Indefinite declension of *strьmъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *strьmъ | *strьma | *strьmo |
| genitive | *strьma | *strьmy | *strьma |
| dative | *strьmu | *strьmě | *strьmu |
| accusative | *strьmъ | *strьmǫ | *strьmo |
| instrumental | *strьmomь | *strьmojǫ | *strьmomь |
| locative | *strьmě | *strьmě | *strьmě |
| vocative | *strьme | *strьmo | *strьmo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *strьma | *strьmě | *strьmě |
| genitive | *strьmu | *strьmu | *strьmu |
| dative | *strьmoma | *strьmama | *strьmoma |
| accusative | *strьma | *strьmě | *strьmě |
| instrumental | *strьmoma | *strьmama | *strьmoma |
| locative | *strьmu | *strьmu | *strьmu |
| vocative | *strьma | *strьmě | *strьmě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *strьmi | *strьmy | *strьma |
| genitive | *strьmъ | *strьmъ | *strьmъ |
| dative | *strьmomъ | *strьmamъ | *strьmomъ |
| accusative | *strьmy | *strьmy | *strьma |
| instrumental | *strьmy | *strьmami | *strьmy |
| locative | *strьměxъ | *strьmaxъ | *strьměxъ |
| vocative | *strьmi | *strьmy | *strьma |
Definite declension of *strьmъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *strьmъjь | *strьmaja | *strьmoje |
| genitive | *strьmajego | *strьmyję̇ | *strьmajego |
| dative | *strьmujemu | *strьměji | *strьmujemu |
| accusative | *strьmъjь | *strьmǫjǫ | *strьmoje |
| instrumental | *strьmyjimь | *strьmǫjǫ | *strьmyjimь |
| locative | *strьmějemь | *strьměji | *strьmějemь |
| vocative | *strьmъjь | *strьmaja | *strьmoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *strьmaja | *strьměji | *strьměji |
| genitive | *strьmuju | *strьmuju | *strьmuju |
| dative | *strьmyjima | *strьmyjima | *strьmyjima |
| accusative | *strьmaja | *strьměji | *strьměji |
| instrumental | *strьmyjima | *strьmyjima | *strьmyjima |
| locative | *strьmuju | *strьmuju | *strьmuju |
| vocative | *strьmaja | *strьměji | *strьměji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *strьmiji | *strьmyję̇ | *strьmaja |
| genitive | *strьmъjixъ | *strьmъjixъ | *strьmъjixъ |
| dative | *strьmyjimъ | *strьmyjimъ | *strьmyjimъ |
| accusative | *strьmyję̇ | *strьmyję̇ | *strьmaja |
| instrumental | *strьmyjimi | *strьmyjimi | *strьmyjimi |
| locative | *strьmyjixъ | *strьmyjixъ | *strьmyjixъ |
| vocative | *strьmiji | *strьmyję̇ | *strьmaja |
Derived terms
- *strьmati (“to shock, to scare”)
- *strьmogolvъ (“headlong”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: стрьмъ (strĭmŭ), стрьмо (strĭmo, “directly, straight”) (adverb)
- Russian: стрёмый (strjómyj, “cunning”)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “strm”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *strьmъ̏”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “стремгла́в”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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