< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kalina
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Likely *kalъ (“mud, dirt”) + *-ina, by the plant’s preference for wet, muddy places to grow.
Declension
Declension of *kalina (hard a-stem)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kalina | *kalině | *kaliny |
| genitive | *kaliny | *kalinu | *kalinъ |
| dative | *kalině | *kalinama | *kalinamъ |
| accusative | *kalinǫ | *kalině | *kaliny |
| instrumental | *kalinojǫ, *kalinǫ** | *kalinama | *kalinami |
| locative | *kalině | *kalinu | *kalinasъ, *kalinaxъ* |
| vocative | *kalino | *kalině | *kaliny |
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kalina”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 120
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кали́на”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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