< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kewh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms
  • ? *keh₂w- (metathesized)[1]

Root

*kewh₂-[1][2]

  1. to hit, to strike
    Synonyms: *bʰew-, *dʰen-, *kelh₂-, *kret-, *meldʰ-, *pleh₂k-, *(s)kep-
  2. to forge

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kewh₂-‎ (10 c, 0 e)
  • *kowh₂-e-ti (o-grade iterative)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *káuˀtei
      • Latvian: kaût
      • Lithuanian: káuti
      • Proto-Slavic: *kuti, *kovati (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *hawwaną (see there for further descendants)
  • *kéwdʰh₁-e-ti (dʰh₁e-present)[3] or *keh₂u-d-,[4] *kuh₂-d-[1]
    • Proto-Italic: *kūdō (“beat, knock”)[1] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Tocharian:[5]
      • Tocharian A: kot-
      • Tocharian B: kaut-
    • ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • >? Lithuanian: kuodas (“tuft”)
    • ⇒? Proto-Italic: *kaudā[4]
      • Latin: cauda (“tail”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒? Proto-Italic: *kaudeks
      • Latin: caudex (“tree trunk, stump; post”), cōdex (see there for further descendants)
  • kuh₂-yos
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kū́ˀjas
      • Lithuanian: kū́jis
      • Proto-Slavic: *kyjь (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kawš-
    • Proto-Iranian: *kawš- (“to fight, struggle; to kill”)[6]
      • Persian: کُشتَن (koštan, “to kill, put out, switch off, suppress”)
      • Persian: کوشیدن (kušidan, “to try, strive, endeavor”)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *kāu- (“kill, strike down, chop”)[7]
  • →? Proto-Finnic: *kaatadak (“to overturn; to spill, pour out”)

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cūdō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 149
  2. Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  3. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*keh₂u̯-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 345-346
  4. De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cauda”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 99
  5. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kaut-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN
  6. Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 251-2
  7. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kau-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 222
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