< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂énts

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₂ent- (“face, forehead; front”) +‎ *-s (root nominal suffix).

Reconstruction

According to Kloekhorst the paradigm can't be properly reconstructed due to ambiguity of the grammatical gender of Hittite 𒄩𒀭𒍝 (ḫa-an-za), which could have been either common or neuter. Therefore Ancient Greek ἄντα (ánta) could either reflect *h₂ént-h̥₂ or *h₂ént-m̥.[1]

Noun

*h₂énts m or f or *h₂ént n[2]

  1. forehead
  2. front

Inflection

In case it was animate:

Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *h₂énts
genitive *h₂n̥tés
singular dual plural
nominative *h₂énts *h₂énth₁(e) *h₂éntes
vocative *h₂ént *h₂énth₁(e) *h₂éntes
accusative *h₂éntm̥ *h₂énth₁(e) *h₂éntm̥s
genitive *h₂n̥tés *? *h₂n̥tóHom
ablative *h₂n̥tés *? *h₂n̥tmós
dative *h₂n̥téy *? *h₂n̥tmós
locative *h₂ént, *h₂énti *? *h₂n̥tsú
instrumental *h₂n̥téh₁ *? *h₂n̥tmís

In case it was inanimate:

Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *h₂ént
genitive *h₂n̥tés
singular dual plural
nominative *h₂ént *h₂éntih₁ *h₂énth₂
vocative *h₂ént *h₂éntih₁ *h₂énth₂
accusative *h₂ént *h₂éntih₁ *h₂énth₂
genitive *h₂n̥tés *? *h₂n̥tóHom
ablative *h₂n̥tés *? *h₂n̥tmós
dative *h₂n̥téy *? *h₂n̥tmós
locative *h₂ént, *h₂énti *? *h₂n̥tsú
instrumental *h₂n̥téh₁ *? *h₂n̥tmís

Derived terms
  • *h₂énti (locative singular)
  • *h₂entó ((fossilized) allative singular)
    • Proto-Germanic: *anda- (“against”) (see there for further descendants)
    • >? Proto-Tocharian: *ā́ntë (“in front”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₂n̥tbʰi (from the instrumental plural)

Descendants
  • Anatolian:
    • Hittite: 𒄩𒀭𒍝 (ḫa-an-za)
  • Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἄντα (ánta) (either from accusative singular *h₂éntm̥ or from accusative plural *h₂énth̥₂)
    • Ancient Greek: ἄντην (ántēn)

References
  1. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 289
  2. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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