< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tarbijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dorbʰéyeti, a causative formation of Proto-Indo-European *derbʰ- (“to plait, braid, twist, spin, weave, wind”). A direct cognate with दर्भयति (darbháyati).

Verb

*tarbijaną[1]

  1. to wind; spin
  2. to fling; throw

Inflection
Conjugation of *tarbijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *tarbijō*tarbijaų—*tarbijai ?
2nd singular *tarbīsi*tarbijais*tarbī*tarbijasai*tarbijaisau
3rd singular *tarbīþi*tarbijai*tarbijaþau*tarbijaþai*tarbijaiþau
1st dual *tarbijōs*tarbijaiw———
2nd dual *tarbijaþiz*tarbijaiþiz*tarbijaþiz——
1st plural *tarbijamaz*tarbijaim—*tarbijanþai*tarbijainþau
2nd plural *tarbīþ*tarbijaiþ*tarbīþ*tarbijanþai*tarbijainþau
3rd plural *tarbijanþi*tarbijain*tarbijanþau*tarbijanþai*tarbijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *tarbidǭ*tarbidēdį̄
2nd singular *tarbidēz*tarbidēdīz
3rd singular *tarbidē*tarbidēdī
1st dual *tarbidēdū*tarbidēdīw
2nd dual *tarbidēdudiz*tarbidēdīdiz
1st plural *tarbidēdum*tarbidēdīm
2nd plural *tarbidēdud*tarbidēdīd
3rd plural *tarbidēdun*tarbidēdīn
present past
participles *tarbijandz*tarbidaz
  • *tarbalōną
  • *terbaną
  • *tirbijaną
  • *turbaz
  • *turbōną

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *tarbijan
    • Old English: *tierfan, *tyrfan, *tyrfian
      • Middle English: tirven, tyrven, terven
        • English: terve
        • Scots: tirvie
        • ⇒ Middle English: overterven, overtarven
          • Scots: overtirve, ourtirve
        • ⇒ Middle English: tyrf, tyrfe
          • English: tirfe
      • ⇒ Old English: ġetyrfan, ġetyrfian
    • Old High German: zerben
      • Middle High German: zirben

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*tarbjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 510
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