< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smeukaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *smewgʰ- cognate with Ancient Greek σμὐχω (smukhō, “to burn”) and Lithuanian smáugiu, smáugti (“to choke”). Kroonen assumes the verb was back-formed to the iterative *smukkōną - *smukōną which explains the 'k' instead of the expected 'g'.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈsmeu̯.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*smeukaną[1][2]

  1. to smoke, fume

Inflection
Conjugation of *smeukaną (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *smeukō*smeukaų—*smeukai ?
2nd singular *smiukizi*smeukaiz*smeuk*smeukazai*smeukaizau
3rd singular *smiukidi*smeukai*smeukadau*smeukadai*smeukaidau
1st dual *smeukōz*smeukaiw———
2nd dual *smeukadiz*smeukaidiz*smeukadiz——
1st plural *smeukamaz*smeukaim—*smeukandai*smeukaindau
2nd plural *smiukid*smeukaid*smiukid*smeukandai*smeukaindau
3rd plural *smeukandi*smeukain*smeukandau*smeukandai*smeukaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *smauk*smukį̄
2nd singular *smauht*smukīz
3rd singular *smauk*smukī
1st dual *smukū*smukīw
2nd dual *smukudiz*smukīdiz
1st plural *smukum*smukīm
2nd plural *smukud*smukīd
3rd plural *smukun*smukīn
present past
participles *smeukandz*smukanaz

Alternative forms
  • *smūkaną

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *smeukan, *smūkan
    • Old English: smēocan
    • Old Dutch: *smiekan, *smūkan
      • Middle Dutch: smieken, smuken
        • Dutch: smuiken
    • Old High German: *smiohhan, *smiochan
      • Middle High German: smiechen
        • German: smiehen (dialectal)
        • Bavarian: smiechen

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*smeukan- ~ *smūkan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 458-459
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*smeukanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 354
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