< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knuttōną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *gn̥tnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *knudaną (“to knead”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈknut.tɔː.nɑ̃/
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *knutt- against non-singular *knud-.
Conjugation of *knuttōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *knuttō | *knuttǭ | — | *knuttōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *knuttōsi | *knuttōs | *knuttō | *knuttōsai | *knuttōsau |
| 3rd singular | *knuttōþi | *knuttō | *knuttōþau | *knuttōþai | *knuttōþau |
| 1st dual | *knuttōs | *knuttōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *knuttōþiz | *knuttōþiz | *knuttōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *knuttōmaz | *knuttōm | — | *knuttōnþai | *knuttōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *knuttōþ | *knuttōþ | *knuttōþ | *knuttōnþai | *knuttōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *knuttōnþi | *knuttōn | *knuttōnþau | *knuttōnþai | *knuttōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *knuttōdǭ | *knuttōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *knuttōdēz | *knuttōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *knuttōdē | *knuttōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *knuttōdēdū | *knuttōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *knuttōdēdudiz | *knuttōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *knuttōdēdum | *knuttōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *knuttōdēdud | *knuttōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *knuttōdēdun | *knuttōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *knuttōndz | *knuttōdaz | |||
Related terms
Descendants
- German: knotzen (dialectal)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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