< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold”). Related to Latin gelū.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑ.lɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *kalaną (strong class 6)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *kalō | *kalaų | — | *kalai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *kalizi | *kalaiz | *kal | *kalazai | *kalaizau |
| 3rd singular | *kalidi | *kalai | *kaladau | *kaladai | *kalaidau |
| 1st dual | *kalōz | *kalaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *kaladiz | *kalaidiz | *kaladiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *kalamaz | *kalaim | — | *kalandai | *kalaindau |
| 2nd plural | *kalid | *kalaid | *kalid | *kalandai | *kalaindau |
| 3rd plural | *kalandi | *kalain | *kalandau | *kalandai | *kalaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *kōl | *kōlį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *kōlt | *kōlīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *kōl | *kōlī | |||
| 1st dual | *kōlū | *kōlīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *kōludiz | *kōlīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *kōlum | *kōlīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *kōlud | *kōlīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *kōlun | *kōlīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *kalandz | *kalanaz | |||
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kalan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 277
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*kalanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 208
- Seebold, Elmar (1970) “KAL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 288
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