< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwōstōną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *hwōstāną
- *hwōstijaną
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂s- (“to cough”). Equivalent to *hwōstô (“cough”) + *-ōną. Cognate with Lithuanian kṓsēti (“to cough”), Russian ка́шлять (kášljatʹ, “to cough”), Sanskrit कासते (kā́sate).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈxʷɔːs.tɔː.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *hwōstōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *hwōstō | *hwōstǭ | — | *hwōstōi | ? |
| 2nd singular | *hwōstōsi | *hwōstōs | *hwōstō | *hwōstōsai | *hwōstōsau |
| 3rd singular | *hwōstōþi | *hwōstō | *hwōstōþau | *hwōstōþai | *hwōstōþau |
| 1st dual | *hwōstōs | *hwōstōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *hwōstōþiz | *hwōstōþiz | *hwōstōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *hwōstōmaz | *hwōstōm | — | *hwōstōnþai | *hwōstōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *hwōstōþ | *hwōstōþ | *hwōstōþ | *hwōstōnþai | *hwōstōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *hwōstōnþi | *hwōstōn | *hwōstōnþau | *hwōstōnþai | *hwōstōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *hwōstōdǭ | *hwōstōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *hwōstōdēz | *hwōstōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *hwōstōdē | *hwōstōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *hwōstōdēdū | *hwōstōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *hwōstōdēdudiz | *hwōstōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *hwōstōdēdum | *hwōstōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *hwōstōdēdud | *hwōstōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *hwōstōdēdun | *hwōstōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *hwōstōndz | *hwōstōdaz | |||
Related terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hwōstōn
- Old English: *hwōstian, (hwōstan); (*hwēstan (< *hwōstijaną))
- Old Frisian: *hwōstia, *hōstia
- Saterland Frisian: hoostje
- West Frisian: hoastje
- Old Saxon: *hwōstōn, *hōstōn
- Old Dutch: *huoston
- Old High German: huostōn
- Middle High German: huosten
- Bavarian: huasdn
- Luxembourgish: houschten
- Middle High German: huosten
- Old Norse: hósta
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