Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *harmaz (“harm, pain”) +‎ *-āną or *harmaz (“painful, harmful”) +‎ *-āną.

Verb

*harmāną

to harm, injure, pain
to shame

Inflection

Conjugation of *harmāną (weak class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*harmō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*harmaisi	?	*harmai	*harmāsai	?
3rd singular	*harmaiþi	?	*harmāþau	*harmāþai	?
1st dual	*harmōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*harmāþiz	?	*harmāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*harmāmaz	?	—	*harmānþai	?
2nd plural	*harmaiþ	?	*harmaiþ	*harmānþai	?
3rd plural	*harmānþi	?	*harmānþau	*harmānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*harmadǭ	*harmadēdį̄
2nd singular	*harmadēz	*harmadēdīz
3rd singular	*harmadē	*harmadēdī
1st dual	*harmadēdū	*harmadēdīw
2nd dual	*harmadēdudiz	*harmadēdīdiz
1st plural	*harmadēdum	*harmadēdīm
2nd plural	*harmadēdud	*harmadēdīd
3rd plural	*harmadēdun	*harmadēdīn

	present	past
participles	*harmāndz	*harmadaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *harmēn
- Old English: hearmian
  - Middle English: harmen
    - English: harm
    - Scots: hairm
- Old High German: harmēn
  - Middle High German: harmen
- → Old French: hargnier (see there for further descendants)

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