< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gnaganą
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *knaganą
Etymology
Probably onomatopoeic; or from Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰen- (“to gnaw, grate, scrate, whit”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣnɑ.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *gnaganą (strong class 6)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *gnagō | *gnagaų | — | *gnagai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *gnagizi | *gnagaiz | *gnag | *gnagazai | *gnagaizau |
| 3rd singular | *gnagidi | *gnagai | *gnagadau | *gnagadai | *gnagaidau |
| 1st dual | *gnagōz | *gnagaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *gnagadiz | *gnagaidiz | *gnagadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *gnagamaz | *gnagaim | — | *gnagandai | *gnagaindau |
| 2nd plural | *gnagid | *gnagaid | *gnagid | *gnagandai | *gnagaindau |
| 3rd plural | *gnagandi | *gnagain | *gnagandau | *gnagandai | *gnagaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *gnōg | *gnōgį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *gnōht | *gnōgīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *gnōg | *gnōgī | |||
| 1st dual | *gnōgū | *gnōgīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *gnōgudiz | *gnōgīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *gnōgum | *gnōgīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *gnōgud | *gnōgīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *gnōgun | *gnōgīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *gnagandz | *gnaganaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *gnagan, *knagan
- Old Norse: gnaga, naga
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gnagan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 183
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒnaʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 137
- Seebold, Elmar (1970) “GNAG-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 233
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