< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gleupaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Possibly related to Proto-Slavic *glupъ.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɣleu̯.pɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gleupaną[1][2]

  1. to gape
  2. to look, stare, squint
  3. to sneak

Inflection
Conjugation of *gleupaną (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gleupō*gleupaų—*gleupai ?
2nd singular *gliupizi*gleupaiz*gleup*gleupazai*gleupaizau
3rd singular *gliupidi*gleupai*gleupadau*gleupadai*gleupaidau
1st dual *gleupōz*gleupaiw———
2nd dual *gleupadiz*gleupaidiz*gleupadiz——
1st plural *gleupamaz*gleupaim—*gleupandai*gleupaindau
2nd plural *gliupid*gleupaid*gliupid*gleupandai*gleupaindau
3rd plural *gleupandi*gleupain*gleupandau*gleupandai*gleupaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *glaup*glupį̄
2nd singular *glauft*glupīz
3rd singular *glaup*glupī
1st dual *glupū*glupīw
2nd dual *glupudiz*glupīdiz
1st plural *glupum*glupīm
2nd plural *glupud*glupīd
3rd plural *glupun*glupīn
present past
participles *gleupandz*glupanaz

Alternative forms
  • *glūpaną

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *glūpan
    • Old Frisian: glūpa
    • Old Saxon: *glūpan
      • Middle Low German: glūpen
    • Old Dutch: *glūpan
  • Old Norse: *gljopa, *glúpa
    • Norwegian:
      Norwegian Nynorsk: gljupa, glupa
    • Elfdalian: glaupa
    • Swedish: gliopa, glupa

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gleupan-~*glūpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 180
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒlūpanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 137
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