< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/galdijaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *galdijaz (“barren, fruitless, castrated”) + *-janą (“factitive suffix”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to cut”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɣɑl.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *galdijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *galdijō | *galdijaų | — | *galdijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *galdīsi | *galdijais | *galdī | *galdijasai | *galdijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *galdīþi | *galdijai | *galdijaþau | *galdijaþai | *galdijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *galdijōs | *galdijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *galdijaþiz | *galdijaiþiz | *galdijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *galdijamaz | *galdijaim | — | *galdijanþai | *galdijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *galdīþ | *galdijaiþ | *galdīþ | *galdijanþai | *galdijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *galdijanþi | *galdijain | *galdijanþau | *galdijanþai | *galdijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *galdidǭ | *galdidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *galdidēz | *galdidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *galdidē | *galdidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *galdidēdū | *galdidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *galdidēdudiz | *galdidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *galdidēdum | *galdidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *galdidēdud | *galdidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *galdidēdun | *galdidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *galdijandz | *galdidaz | |||
Related terms
- *gelþō
Descendants
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gald(j)a-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164: “*galdjan-”
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒalđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 124
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