< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/framjaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *framaz + *-janą, from Proto-Indo-European *pró-mo-s, from *pró (“toward, leading to”).[1] Compare Latin framea (“spear”) probably from *framjō (literally “forward going one”).[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɸrɑm.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *framjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *framjō | *framjaų | — | *framjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *framisi | *framjais | *frami | *framjasai | *framjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *framiþi | *framjai | *framjaþau | *framjaþai | *framjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *framjōs | *framjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *framjaþiz | *framjaiþiz | *framjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *framjamaz | *framjaim | — | *framjanþai | *framjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *framiþ | *framjaiþ | *framiþ | *framjanþai | *framjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *framjanþi | *framjain | *framjanþau | *framjanþai | *framjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *framidǭ | *framidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *framidēz | *framidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *framidē | *framidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *framidēdū | *framidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *framidēdudiz | *framidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *framidēdum | *framidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *framidēdud | *framidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *framidēdun | *framidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *framjandz | *framidaz | |||
Related terms
- *fram
- *framį̄
- *framô
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*framjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 111
- Rübekeil, Ludwig (2017–2018) “Chapter IX: Germanic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The dialectology of Germanic, page 990
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