< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brukkōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier paradigm *brukkōþi ~ *brukunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *bʰrug-nā́-ti ~ *bʰrug-un-ánti, iterative to *brekaną (“to break”). Possible parallel formation with Latin frangō (“to break”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈbruk.kɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*brukkōną[1]

  1. to break, crumble

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *brukk- against *bruk-.

Conjugation of *brukkōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *brukkō*brukkǭ—*brukkōi ?
2nd singular *brukkōsi*brukkōs*brukkō*brukkōsai*brukkōsau
3rd singular *brukkōþi*brukkō*brukkōþau*brukkōþai*brukkōþau
1st dual *brukkōs*brukkōw———
2nd dual *brukkōþiz*brukkōþiz*brukkōþiz——
1st plural *brukkōmaz*brukkōm—*brukkōnþai*brukkōnþau
2nd plural *brukkōþ*brukkōþ*brukkōþ*brukkōnþai*brukkōnþau
3rd plural *brukkōnþi*brukkōn*brukkōnþau*brukkōnþai*brukkōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *brukkōdǭ*brukkōdēdį̄
2nd singular *brukkōdēz*brukkōdēdīz
3rd singular *brukkōdē*brukkōdēdī
1st dual *brukkōdēdū*brukkōdēdīw
2nd dual *brukkōdēdudiz*brukkōdēdīdiz
1st plural *brukkōdēdum*brukkōdēdīm
2nd plural *brukkōdēdud*brukkōdēdīd
3rd plural *brukkōdēdun*brukkōdēdīn
present past
participles *brukkōndz*brukkōdaz

Derived terms
  • *brukkô

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *brokkōn
    • Old English: brocian
    • Old Dutch: *brocken, *broken
    • Old High German: brohhōn, brokkōn
  • Old Norse: *broka
    • Norwegian: broka

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bruk(k)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 79
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