Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ainafalþaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *ainaz +‎ *-falþaz. Compare Latin simplex (“folded once”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑi̯.nɑ.ˌɸɑl.θɑz/

Adjective

*ainafalþaz

onefold, simple
whole, single

Inflection

Declension of *ainafalþaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*ainafalþaz	*ainafalþai	*ainafalþō	*ainafalþôz	*ainafalþą, -atō	*ainafalþō
Accusative	*ainafalþanǭ	*ainafalþanz	*ainafalþǭ	*ainafalþōz	*ainafalþą, -atō	*ainafalþō
Genitive	*ainafalþas, -is	*ainafalþaizǫ̂	*ainafalþaizōz	*ainafalþaizǫ̂	*ainafalþas, -is	*ainafalþaizǫ̂
Dative	*ainafalþammai	*ainafalþaimaz	*ainafalþaizōi	*ainafalþaimaz	*ainafalþammai	*ainafalþaimaz
Instrumental	*ainafalþanō	*ainafalþaimiz	*ainafalþaizō	*ainafalþaimiz	*ainafalþanō	*ainafalþaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*ainafalþô	*ainafalþaniz	*ainafalþǭ	*ainafalþōniz	*ainafalþô	*ainafalþōnō
Accusative	*ainafalþanų	*ainafalþanunz	*ainafalþōnų	*ainafalþōnunz	*ainafalþô	*ainafalþōnō
Genitive	*ainafalþiniz	*ainafalþanǫ̂	*ainafalþōniz	*ainafalþōnǫ̂	*ainafalþiniz	*ainafalþanǫ̂
Dative	*ainafalþini	*ainafalþammaz	*ainafalþōni	*ainafalþōmaz	*ainafalþini	*ainafalþammaz
Instrumental	*ainafalþinē	*ainafalþammiz	*ainafalþōnē	*ainafalþōmiz	*ainafalþinē	*ainafalþammiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *ainfald
- Old English: ānfeald
  - Middle English: anfald, onfold
    - English: onefold
    - Scots: aefauld, aefald, aefaul; ae-fald, ae-faul; afawld, afald
- Old Frisian: ēnfald
  - ⇒ Saterland Frisian: eenfooldig, eenfooldich, eenfooltich, eenfoltig
  - ⇒ West Frisian: ienfâldich
- Old Saxon: ēnfald
  - Middle Low German: ênvālt, ênvōlt
    - German Low German: Eenfold (noun)
      - ⇒ German Low German: eenfoldig
- Old Dutch: *ēnfalt
  - Middle Dutch: eenvout
    - ⇒ Middle Dutch: eenvoude (noun)
      - Dutch: eenvoud
    - ⇒ Middle Dutch: einvoldeg, eenvuldich, eenvoudich
      - ⇒ Dutch: eenvoudig
- Old High German: einfalt
  - Middle High German: einvalt, einfalt
    - German: einfältig (Einfalt is a back-formation)
Old Norse: einfaldr
- Icelandic: einfaldur
- Faroese: einfaldur
- Old Swedish: ēnfalder
  - Swedish: enfaldig
- Danish: enfoldig
- Gutnish: ainfaldur, ainfalduar
Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍆𐌰𐌻𐌸𐍃 (ainfalþs)

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