| open; operate (vehicle); start | guilt; crime; fault guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (開罪) | 開 | 罪 | |
| simp. (开罪) | 开 | 罪 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 開 | 罪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 苦哀切 | 徂賄切 |
| Baxter | khoj | dzwojX |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰʌi/ | /d͡zuʌiX/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kʰəi/ | /d͡zuoiX/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kʰɒi/ | /d͡zuɒiX/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰəj/ | /d͡zwəjX/ |
| Li Rong |
/kʰᴀi/ | /d͡zuᴀiX/ |
| Wang Li |
/kʰɒi/ | /d͡zuɒiX/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰɑ̆i/ | /d͡zʱuɑ̆iX/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
kāi | zuì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
hoi1 | zeoi6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 開 | 罪 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
kāi | zuì |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ khoj › | ‹ dzwojX › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[k]ʰˁəj/ | /*[dz]ˁujʔ/ |
| English | to open (v.t.) | crime, offense |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 開 | 罪 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 7348 | 17981 |
| Phonetic component |
開 | 罪 |
| Rime group |
微 | 微 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
開 | 辠 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kʰɯːl/ | /*zuːlʔ/ |
| Notes | 同辠 | |