碧

碧	U+78A7, 碧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78A7

← 碦
[U+78A6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

碨 →
[U+78A8]

Translingual

Han character

碧 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一日一口 (MAMR), four-corner 1660₁, composition ⿱珀石)

Derived characters

𬠲, 𬬓, 𧓮

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 833, character 9

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24334

Dae Jaweon: page 1249, character 28

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2441, character 6

Unihan data for U+78A7

Chinese

simp. and trad.		碧

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
怕	pʰraːɡs, pʰraːɡ
帕	pʰraːɡs, mbraːd
粕	pʰaːɡ, pʰraːɡ
胉	*pʰaːɡ
泊	*baːɡ
箔	*baːɡ
魄	tʰaːɡ, pʰraːɡ
皕	*prɯɡ
伯	*praːɡ
百	*praːɡ
迫	*praːɡ
敀	praːɡ, pʰraːɡ
柏	*praːɡ
湐	*praːɡ
拍	*pʰraːɡ
珀	*pʰraːɡ
皛	pʰraːɡ, ɡeːwʔ
洦	mpʰraːɡ, mbraːɡ
白	*braːɡ
帛	*braːɡ
舶	*braːɡ
鮊	*braːɡ
陌	*mbraːɡ
帞	*mbraːɡ
袹	*mbraːɡ
蛨	*mbraːɡ
貊	*mbraːɡ
佰	*mbraːɡ
銆	*mbraːɡ
碧	praɡ, preɡ
咟	*ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praɡ, *preɡ) : semantic 王 (“jade”) + semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): bì (bi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bi²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bik¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): bet²
Gan (Wiktionary): bit⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pit

(Meixian, Guangdong): bid⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): bieh⁴
Northern Min (KCR): bĭ
Eastern Min (BUC): pék
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): phek / phiak

(Teochew, Peng'im): pêg⁴
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁷piq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bi⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bì
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bì
  - Wade–Giles: pi⁴
  - Yale: bì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
  - Palladius: би (bi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: bi²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bik¹
  - Yale: bīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: big¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɪk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: bet²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pet̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: bit⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pit̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pit
  - Hakka Romanization System: bid`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pit̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pit̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: bieh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /piəʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: pék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɛiʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phek
  - Tâi-lô: phik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pheg
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pʰiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phiak
  - Tâi-lô: phiak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰiak̚⁵/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰek̚²/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁷piq
  - MiniDict: pih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴piq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /piɪʔ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: bi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 碧
Mandarin	Beijing	/pi⁵¹/
	Harbin	/pi⁵³/
	Tianjin	/pi⁵³/
	Jinan	/pi²¹/
	Qingdao	/pi⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/pi³¹²/
	Xi'an	/pi²¹/
	Xining	/pji⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/pi¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pi¹³/
	Ürümqi	/pi²¹³/
	Wuhan	/pi²¹³/
	Chengdu	/pi³¹/
	Guiyang	/pi²¹/
	Kunming	/pi³¹/
	Nanjing	/piʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/piəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/piəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/piʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/piəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/piɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/piəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/piəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/pi²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/piʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/pi⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/pi²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/pʰi²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/piʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/pit̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/pit̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pek̚⁵/
	Nanning	/pek̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/pik̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/pʰik̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/pʰɛiʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/pi²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/pʰek̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔbek̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: pjiek

Rime
Character	碧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	昔 (124)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	彼役切
Baxter	pjiek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pwiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʷiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/piuæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pwiajk̚/
Li Rong	/piuɛk̚/
Wang Li	/pĭwɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯wɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*prak/

(Zhengzhang): /*praɡ/, /*preɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	碧
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bì
Middle Chinese	‹ pjæk ›
Old Chinese	/*prak/
English	light blue
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	碧	碧
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	219	221
Phonetic component	白	白
Rime group	鐸	鐸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	碧	碧
Old Chinese	/*praɡ/	/*preɡ/

Definitions

碧

Synonyms

(blue-green):

深綠／深绿 (shēnlǜ)
濃綠／浓绿 (nónglǜ)
碧綠／碧绿 (bìlǜ)
翠綠／翠绿 (cuìlǜ)
蔥／葱 (literary, or in compounds)
金龜綠／金龟绿 (Hokkien)
鈂綠／𬬵绿 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
青綠／青绿 (qīnglǜ)
墨綠／墨绿 (mòlǜ)
墨綠色／墨绿色 (mòlǜsè)
黛綠／黛绿 (dàilǜ) (literary)

Compounds

一碧
小家碧玉 (xiǎojiābìyù)
澄碧 (chéngbì)
看朱成碧
碧山
碧桃
碧水 (bìshuǐ)
碧池 (bìchí)
碧波 (bìbō)
碧油油
碧波萬頃／碧波万顷
碧海 (bìhǎi)
碧海青天
碧清 (bìqīng)
碧溪
碧澄
碧潭
碧澄澄
碧玉 (bìyù)
碧璽／碧玺 (bìxǐ)
碧瓦
碧眼 (bìyǎn)
碧空 (bìkōng)
碧空如洗
碧綠／碧绿 (bìlǜ)
碧草如茵
碧落 (bìluò)
碧藍／碧蓝 (bìlán)
碧蘿春／碧萝春
碧螺春 (bìluóchūn)
碧血 (bìxuè)
碧血丹心
金幣山水／金币山水
金碧熒煌／金碧荧煌
金碧輝煌／金碧辉煌 (jīnbìhuīhuáng)
金髮碧眼／金发碧眼 (jīnfàbìyǎn)
雕楹碧檻／雕楹碧槛
雪碧 (Xuěbì)

Descendants

→ Vietnamese: biếc (“bluish green; azure blue”)

References

“碧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

碧

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

blue
green

Readings

Go-on: ひゃく (hyaku)
Kan-on: へき (heki)
Kun: みどり (midori, 碧); あお (ao, 碧)

Compounds

碧雲(へきうん) (hekiun)
碧海(へきかい) (hekikai)
碧眼(へきがん) (hekigan)
碧虚(へききょ) (hekikyo)
碧玉(へきぎょく) (hekigyoku)
碧空(へきくう) (hekikū)
碧山(へきざん) (hekizan)
碧霄(へきしょう) (hekishō)
碧色(へきしょく) (hekishoku)
碧水(へきすい) (hekisui)
碧天(へきてん) (hekiten)
碧落(へきらく) (hekiraku)
紺碧(こんぺき) (konpeki)
三碧(さんぺき) (sanpeki)
丹碧(たんへき) (tanheki)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 碧 (MC pjiek). Recorded as Middle Korean 벽 (pyek) (Yale: pyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pjʌ̹k̚]
Phonetic hangul: [벽]

Hanja

Wikisource 碧 (eumhun 푸를 벽 (pureul byeok))

Hanja form^? of 벽 (“blue-green”).

Compounds

단벽 (丹碧, danbyeok)
벽안 (碧眼, byeogan)
벽옥 (碧玉, byeogok)
상전벽해 (桑田碧海, sangjeonbyeokhae)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

碧: Hán Nôm readings: bích, biếc

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