柴
See also: 茈
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Translingual
Han character
柴 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜心木 (YPD), four-corner 21904, composition ⿱此木)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 521, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14664
- Dae Jaweon: page 909, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1197, character 11
- Unihan data for U+67F4
Chinese
| trad. | 柴 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 柴 | |
| alternative forms | 茈 𡍥 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 柴 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Characters in the same phonetic series (此) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 些 | *saːls, *sjaːl, *seːs |
| 跐 | *ʔsreːʔ, *ʔseʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ʔsreʔ |
| 柴 | *zreː |
| 祡 | *zreː |
| 茈 | *zreː, *ʔseʔ, *ze |
| 眦 | *zreːs |
| 砦 | *zraːds |
| 寨 | *zraːds, *slɯːɡ |
| 啙 | *ʔseː, *zeːʔ, *ʔseʔ |
| 泚 | *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ |
| 玼 | *sʰeːʔ, *sʰeʔ, *ze |
| 皉 | *sʰeːʔ |
| 鮆 | *zeːʔ, *ʔse |
| 眥 | *zeːs, *zes |
| 貲 | *ʔse |
| 髭 | *ʔse |
| 頾 | *ʔse |
| 訾 | *ʔse, *ʔseʔ |
| 鴜 | *ʔse, *ze |
| 鈭 | *ʔse, *sʰe |
| 姕 | *ʔse, *sʰe, *ze |
| 觜 | *ʔse, *ʔse, *ʔseʔ |
| 紫 | *ʔseʔ |
| 訿 | *ʔseʔ |
| 呰 | *ʔseʔ |
| 嘴 | *ʔseʔ |
| 雌 | *sʰe |
| 此 | *sʰeʔ |
| 佌 | *sʰeʔ, *seʔ |
| 庛 | *sʰes |
| 疵 | *ze |
| 骴 | *ze, *zes |
| 胔 | *ze, *zes |
| 飺 | *ze |
| 齜 | *ʔsre |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *zreː) : phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ) + semantic 木.
Etymology 1
Perhaps related to 槎 (OC *zraːl, *zraːlʔ, “to cut trees”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare also Khmer ឈើ (chəə, “wood”) (ibid.).
On the other hand, the Min forms (e.g. Jian'ou châu, Fuzhou chà, Xiamen chhâ) are from 樵 (OC *zew).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
柴
- faggot; bundle of sticks bound together (as fuel)
- firewood; brushwood; wood
- (obsolete) to burn firewood and worship heaven
- 既事而退,柴於上帝,祈於社,設奠於牧室。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Jì shì ér tuì, chái yú Shàngdì, qí yú shè, shè diàn yú Mù shì. [Pinyin]
- When he withdrew after the victory, he reared a burning pile to God; prayed at the altar of the earth; and set forth his offerings in the house of Mu.
既事而退,柴于上帝,祈于社,设奠于牧室。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (dialectal) bony; skinny
- (dialectal, of food) tough; stringy; hard to chew
- (dialectal) no good; poor; inferior
- (Min) slow and inarticulate; dull
- a surname
Synonyms
- (wood):
Dialectal synonyms of 木頭 (“wood; log; timber”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 木頭 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 木頭 |
| Taiwan | 木頭 | |
| Jinan | 木頭 | |
| Xi'an | 木頭 | |
| Wuhan | 木頭 | |
| Chengdu | 木頭 | |
| Guilin | 木頭 | |
| Yangzhou | 木頭 | |
| Hefei | 木頭 | |
| Singapore | 木頭 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 木 |
| Hong Kong | 木 | |
| Yangjiang | 木頭 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 木頭 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 樹料, 木頭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 木頭 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 柴 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 柴 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 柴 |
| Taipei (Wanhua) | 柴 | |
| Kaohsiung | 柴 | |
| Yilan | 柴 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 柴 | |
| Taichung | 柴 | |
| Taichung (Wuqi) | 柴 | |
| Tainan | 柴 | |
| Taitung | 柴 | |
| Hsinchu | 柴 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 柴 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 柴 | |
| Chaozhou | 柴 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 木頭 |
| Wenzhou | 木頭, 樹 log | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 木頭 |
| Shuangfeng | 樹 | |
Compounds
- 乾柴/干柴
- 乾柴烈火/干柴烈火
- 倒了柴
- 劈柴
- 如柴
- 安全火柴 (ānquán huǒchái)
- 引柴 (yǐnchái)
- 打柴 (dǎchái)
- 打柴 (dǎchái)
- 拉柴
- 撿柴/捡柴 (jiǎnchái)
- 木柴 (mùchái)
- 杜茅柴
- 柴刀 (cháidāo)
- 柴家廟/柴家庙 (Cháijiāmiào)
- 柴寮
- 柴市
- 柴心兒/柴心儿 (cháixīnr)
- 柴房
- 柴扉 (cháifēi)
- 柴望
- 柴木 (cháimù)
- 柴桑
- 柴棘
- 柴棍 (cháigùn)
- 柴榮/柴荣
- 柴毀/柴毁
- 柴毀滅性/柴毁灭性
- 柴毀骨立/柴毁骨立
- 柴水
- 柴油 (cháiyóu)
- 柴油機/柴油机 (cháiyóujī)
- 柴湖 (Cháihú)
- 柴溝堡/柴沟堡 (Cháigōubǔ)
- 柴火 (cháihuo)
- 柴瘠
- 柴禾 (cháihé)
- 柴窯/柴窑
- 柴立不阿
- 柴米 (cháimǐ)
- 柴米夫妻
- 柴米油鹽/柴米油盐 (cháimǐyóuyán)
- 柴米油鹽醬醋茶/柴米油盐酱醋茶 (chái mǐ yóu yán jiàng cù chá)
- 柴胡 (cháihú)
- 柴荊/柴荆
- 柴草 (cháicǎo)
- 柴荒米貴/柴荒米贵
- 柴薪 (cháixīn)
- 柴車/柴车
- 柴達木河/柴达木河
- 柴門/柴门 (cháimén)
- 柴門霍夫/柴门霍夫
- 柴雞/柴鸡 (cháijī)
- 柴頭/柴头
- 柴魚/柴鱼 (cháiyú)
- 滿口胡柴/满口胡柴
- 火柴 (huǒchái)
- 烈火乾柴/烈火干柴
- 燔柴 (fánchái)
- 瓜柴
- 瘦骨如柴
- 砍柴 (kǎnchái)
- 稱柴而爨/称柴而爨
- 老樹枯柴/老树枯柴
- 胡柴
- 胸中柴棘
- 茅柴
- 茅柴酒
- 荊柴/荆柴
- 骨瘦如柴 (gǔshòurúchái)
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
柴
Pronunciation
Compounds
Further reading
- “Entry #6101”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 柴 |
| しば Jinmeiyō |
| kun’yomi |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Korean
Vietnamese
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