枸杞

Chinese

			(willow); name of a feudal state
simp. and trad. (枸杞)		枸	杞
alternative forms		枸檵枸忌

wolfberry

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “any connection to Persian گوجه?”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǒuqǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄡˇ ㄑㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gau² gei²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiéu-kí
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kó͘-kí / kió-kí
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵keu-ci

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǒuqǐ [Phonetic: góuqǐ]
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄡˇ ㄑㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǒucǐ
  - Wade–Giles: kou³-chʻi³
  - Yale: gǒu-chǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goouchii
  - Palladius: гоуци (gouci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /koʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gau² gei²
  - Yale: gáu géi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gau² gei²
  - Guangdong Romanization: geo² géi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐu̯³⁵ kei̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiéu-kí
  - Hakka Romanization System: gieu` gi`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gieu³ gi³
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯eu̯³¹ ki³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘-kí
  - Tâi-lô: kóo-kí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kofkie
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ki⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kió-kí
  - Tâi-lô: kió-kí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kioy'kie
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ki⁵⁵⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵keu-ci
  - MiniDict: keu^去 ci
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²keu-ji
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɤ³³ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: kuwX khiX

Rime
Character	枸	杞
Reading #	3/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古厚切	墟里切
Baxter	kuwX	khiX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kəu^X/	/kʰɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kəu^X/	/kʰɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kəu^X/	/kʰie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəw^X/	/kʰɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ku^X/	/kʰiə^X/
Wang Li	/kəu^X/	/kʰĭə^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kə̯u^X/	/kʰi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǒu	qǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gau²	hei²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*koːʔ kʰɯʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	枸	杞
Reading #	2/3	1/1
No.	7071	5769
Phonetic component	句	己
Rime group	侯	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	苟	起
Old Chinese	/*koːʔ/	/*kʰɯʔ/

Noun

枸杞

Chinese wolfberry (Lycium barbarum)

Synonyms

(Hokkien) 甘杞

Derived terms

枸杞子 (gǒuqǐzǐ, “goji berry”)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (枸杞):

→ Japanese: 枸杞(くこ) (kuko)
→ Korean: 구기(枸杞) (gugi)

Others:

→ English: goji
→ Malay: kauki, koki
→ Thai: เก๋ากี้ (gǎo-gîi)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
枸	杞
く Hyōgaiji	こ Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Noun

枸(く)杞(こ) or 枸杞(クコ) • (kuko)

wolfberry

Korean

Hanja in this term
枸	杞

Noun

枸杞 • (gugi) (hangeul 구기)

Hanja form^? of 구기 (“Chinese wolfberry”).

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