懺悔

See also: 忏悔

Chinese
feel remorse; regret; repent regret
trad. (懺悔) 懺 悔
simp. (忏悔) 忏 悔
alternative forms 讖悔／谶悔

Etymology

Combination of abbreviated Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā, “pardon, forgiveness”) 懺 + native Chinese 悔 (“regret”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 懺 悔 悔
Reading # 1/1 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 初 (19) 曉 (32) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 銜 (149) 灰 (42) 灰 (42)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Closed Closed
Division (等) II I I
Fanqie 楚鑑切 呼罪切 荒内切
Baxter tsrhaemH xwojX xwojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡ʃʰˠamH/ /huʌiX/ /huʌiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚamH/ /huoiX/ /huoiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡ʃʰamH/ /xuɒiX/ /xuɒiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨmH/ /hwəjX/ /hwəjH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡ʃʰamH/ /xuᴀiX/ /xuᴀiH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡ʃʰamH/ /xuɒiX/ /xuɒiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ʈ͡ʂʰamH/ /xuɑ̆iX/ /xuɑ̆iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 chàn huǐ huì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 caam3 fui2 fui3

Verb

懺悔

  1. to make confession
  2. to repent one's sins

Usage notes

懺悔／忏悔 (chànhuǐ) can be used to refer to both the Buddhist and Catholic tradition of confession and repentance.

Derived terms
  • 懺悔室／忏悔室 (chànhuǐshì)
  • 懺悔星期二／忏悔星期二
  • 懺悔錄／忏悔录

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (懺悔):

Japanese
Kanji in this term
懺 悔
さん
Hyōgaiji		 け > げ
Grade: S
on’yomi
Alternative spellings
懺悔 (kyūjitai)
懴悔
Kanji in this term
懺 悔
ざん
Hyōgaiji		 け > げ
Grade: S
on’yomi
Alternative spellings
懺悔 (kyūjitai)
懴悔

Pronunciation

Noun

懺(さん)悔(げ) or 懺悔(せんげ) • (sange or senge) 

  1. (Buddhism) repentance

懺(ざん)悔(げ) • (zange) 

  1. confession and repentance in Christianity and other religions
  2. confession to another person

Verb

懺(さん)悔(げ)する or 懺悔(せんげ)する • (sange suru or senge suru) suru (stem 懺(さん)悔(げ)し (sange shi), past 懺(さん)悔(げ)した (sange shita))

  1. (Buddhism) confess

懺(ざん)悔(げ)する • (zange suru) suru (stem 懺(ざん)悔(げ)し (zange shi), past 懺(ざん)悔(げ)した (zange shita))

  1. confess and repent in Christianity and other religions
  2. confess to another person

Conjugation
Conjugation of "懺悔する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 懺悔し さんげし sange shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 懺悔し さんげし sange shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 懺悔する さんげする sange suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 懺悔する さんげする sange suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 懺悔すれ さんげすれ sange sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 懺悔せよ¹
懺悔しろ²		 さんげせよ¹
さんげしろ²		 sange seyo¹
sange shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 懺悔される さんげされる sange sareru
Causative 懺悔させる
懺悔さす		 さんげさせる
さんげさす		 sange saseru
sange sasu
Potential 懺悔できる さんげできる sange dekiru
Volitional 懺悔しよう さんげしよう sange shiyō
Negative 懺悔しない さんげしない sange shinai
Negative continuative 懺悔せず さんげせず sange sezu
Formal 懺悔します さんげします sange shimasu
Perfective 懺悔した さんげした sange shita
Conjunctive 懺悔して さんげして sange shite
Hypothetical conditional 懺悔すれば さんげすれば sange sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
懺悔

Noun

懺悔 • (chamhoe) (hangeul 참회)

  1. Hanja form? of 참회 (“confession, repentance”).

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
懺悔

Noun

懺悔

  1. chữ Hán form of sám hối (“to repent [in Sanskrit is Kṣamayati (क्षमयति)], to show repentance”).
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