念じる

Japanese
Kanji in this term
念
ねん
Grade: 4
on’yomi

Etymology

Shift from verb 念(ねん)ずる (nenzuru), by natural progression from サ行変格活用 (sagyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs ending in -uru to 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ねんじる [nèńjírú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • (Tokyo) ねんじ​る [nèńjíꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA(key): [nẽ̞ɲ̟d͡ʑiɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

念(ねん)じる • (nenjiru) transitive ichidan (stem 念(ねん)じ (nenji), past 念(ねん)じた (nenjita))

  1. to yearn for, to greatly desire, to pray for
    幸福(こうふく)を念(ねん)じている
    kōfuku o nenjiteiru
    yearning for happiness

Conjugation
Conjugation of "念じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 念じ ねんじ nenji
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 念じ ねんじ nenji
Shūshikei ("terminal") 念じる ねんじる nenjiru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 念じる ねんじる nenjiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 念じれ ねんじれ nenjire
Meireikei ("imperative") 念じよ¹
念じろ²		 ねんじよ¹
ねんじろ²		 nenjiyo¹
nenjiro²
Key constructions
Passive 念じられる ねんじられる nenjirareru
Causative 念じさせる
念じさす		 ねんじさせる
ねんじさす		 nenjisaseru
nenjisasu
Potential 念じられる
念じれる³		 ねんじられる
ねんじれる³		 nenjirareru
nenjireru³
Volitional 念じよう ねんじよう nenjiyō
Negative 念じない
念じぬ
念じん		 ねんじない
ねんじぬ
ねんじん		 nenjinai
nenjinu
nenjin
Negative continuative 念じず ねんじず nenjizu
Formal 念じます ねんじます nenjimasu
Perfective 念じた ねんじた nenjita
Conjunctive 念じて ねんじて nenjite
Hypothetical conditional 念じれば ねんじれば nenjireba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References
  1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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