地獄

See also: 地狱

Chinese

		earth; ground; field earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); ‑ly	prison
trad. (地獄)		地	獄
simp. (地狱)		地	狱

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dìyù

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dei⁶ juk⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thi-ngiu̍k
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tē-ge̍k / tōe-ge̍k / tē-ga̍k / tōe-ga̍k / tē-gio̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): di⁷ ghêg⁸
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶di-gnioq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dìyù
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dìyù
  - Wade–Giles: ti⁴-yü⁴
  - Yale: dì-yù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dihyuh
  - Palladius: диюй (dijuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    地域
    地獄／地狱
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dei⁶ juk⁶
  - Yale: deih yuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dei⁶ juk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: déi⁶ yug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tei̯²² jʊk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thi-ngiu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: ti ngiug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ti⁴ ngiug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰi⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tē-ge̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tē-gi̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dexgek
  - IPA (Xiamen): /te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /te³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōe-ge̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tuē-gi̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doexgek
  - IPA (Taipei): /tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tē-ga̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tē-ga̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dexgak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /te⁴¹⁻²² ɡak̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /te³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōe-ga̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tuē-ga̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doexgak
  - IPA (Taipei): /tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tē-gio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tē-gio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dexgiok
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɔk̚¹²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: di⁷ ghêg⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tī ge̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti¹¹ ɡek̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶di-gnioq
  - MiniDict: di^去 nyoh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³di-nyioq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /di²² n̠ʲioʔ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: dijH ngjowk

Rime
Character	地	獄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	徒四切	魚欲切
Baxter	dijH	ngjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/diɪ^H/	/ŋɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/di^H/	/ŋiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/djɪ^H/	/ŋiok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/di^H/	/ŋuawk̚/
Li Rong	/di^H/	/ŋiok̚/
Wang Li	/di^H/	/ŋĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱi^H/	/ŋi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dì	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dei⁶	juk⁶

Noun

地獄

(religion) hell; underworld; inferno
- 地獄者，梵云那落迦，此云苦器，受苦眾生所居器物。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  地狱者，梵云那落迦，此云苦器，受苦众生所居器物。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 阿彌陀經通贊疏
  Dìyù zhě, fàn yún nàluòjiā, cǐ yún kǔ qì, shòukǔ zhòngshēng suǒ jū qìwù. [Pinyin]
  Hells are termed in Sanskrit "naraka", meaning "receptacle of suffering". They are a receptacle where living beings who suffer reside.
(figurative) hell on earth

Antonyms

天堂 (tiāntáng)

Derived terms

下地獄／下地狱
人間地獄／人间地狱 (rénjiān dìyù)
十八層地獄／十八层地狱
叫喚地獄／叫唤地狱 (jiàohuàn dìyù)
我不入地獄，誰入地獄／我不入地狱，谁入地狱 (wǒ bù rù dìyù, shéi rù dìyù)
拔舌地獄／拔舌地狱
活地獄／活地狱 (huódìyù)
酒食地獄／酒食地狱
阿呼地獄／阿呼地狱
阿鼻地獄／阿鼻地狱 (ābí dìyù)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (地獄):

→ Japanese: 地(じ)獄(ごく) (jigoku)
→ Korean: 지옥(地獄) (jiok)
→ Vietnamese: địa ngục (地獄)

Adjective

地獄

(Internet slang, neologism, of jokes, memes or gags) having a punchline that is built upon other's misfortune or disabilities, such that one would go to hell after comprehending the joke (see hellish gag); cursed
地獄哏／地狱哏 ― dìyùgén ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

地獄哏／地狱哏 (dìyùgén)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
地	獄
じ Grade: 2	ごく Grade: S
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 地獄 (diɪᴴ ŋɨok̚), literally “(under)ground prison”). Compare modern Min Nan reading tē-gio̍k, or Hakka thi-ngiu̍k.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) じごく [jìgókúꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1][2][3]
(Tokyo) じごく [jìgókú] (Heiban – [0])[2][3]
IPA^(key): [d͡ʑiɡo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

地(じ)獄(ごく) • (jigoku) ^{←ぢごく (digoku)^?}

hell
地(じ)獄(ごく)に堕(お)ちる
jigoku ni ochiru
to fall into hell; to go to hell
- 1999 March 1, “ヘルゲート・ディーグ [Hellgate Deeg]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:
  
  おなかに地(じ)獄(ごく)へ通(つう)じる扉(とびら)があり、召(しょう)還(かん)もできる不(ぶ)気(き)味(み)なモンスター。
  Onaka ni jigoku e tsūjiru tobira ga ari, shōkan mo dekiru bukimi na monsutā.
  A weird monster that can summon allies through the gateway to hell on its belly.

Synonyms

奈(な)落(らく) (naraku): (Buddhism): hell

Antonyms

Derived terms

地(じ)獄(ごく)道(どう) (jigokudō): (Buddhism): Hell; one of the six planes of existence in the cycle of samsara.
地(じ)獄(ごく)も住(すみ)処(か) (jigoku mo sumika, “even hell can be home”)

References

NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
地	獄

Noun

地獄 • (jiok) (hangeul 지옥)

Hanja form^? of 지옥 (“hell”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
地	獄

Noun

地獄

chữ Hán form of địa ngục (“hell”).

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[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

地獄

Chinese

Pronunciation

Noun

Antonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Adjective

Derived terms

Further reading

Japanese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

References

Korean

Noun

Vietnamese

Noun