眾生

See also: 衆生 and 众生

Chinese

		numerous; multitude; crowd	to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw
trad. (眾生/衆生)		眾/衆	生
simp. (众生)		众	生

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhòngshēng

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zung³ sang¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chung-sên
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chiòng-seng

(Teochew, Peng'im): zêng³ sên¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵tson-san

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhòngshēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥˋ ㄕㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhòngsheng
  - Wade–Giles: chung⁴-shêng¹
  - Yale: jùng-shēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jonqsheng
  - Palladius: чжуншэн (čžunšɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zung³ sang¹
  - Yale: jung sāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzung³ sang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: zung³ seng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ³³ sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chung-sên
  - Hakka Romanization System: zung sen´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zung⁴ sen¹
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡suŋ⁵⁵ sen²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiòng-seng
  - Tâi-lô: tsiòng-sing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciorngsefng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɪŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zêng³ sên¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsèng seⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡seŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sẽ³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵tson-san
  - MiniDict: tson^去 san
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tson-san
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soŋ³³ sã⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: tsyuwngH sraeng|sraengH

Rime
Character	眾	生	生
Reading #	2/2	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	生 (21)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	東 (2)	庚 (109)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II	II
Fanqie	之仲切	所庚切	所敬切
Baxter	tsyuwngH	sraeng	sraengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨuŋ^H/	/ʃˠæŋ/	/ʃˠæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiuŋ^H/	/ʃᵚaŋ/	/ʃᵚaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiuŋ^H/	/ʃaŋ/	/ʃaŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuwŋ^H/	/ʂaɨjŋ/	/ʂaɨjŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiuŋ^H/	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭuŋ^H/	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯uŋ^H/	/ʂɐŋ/	/ʂɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhòng	shēng	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zung³	sang¹	sang³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tuŋ-s sreŋ|sreŋ|sreŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*tjuŋs sʰleːŋ|sreŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	眾	生	生	生
Reading #	1/1	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhòng	shēng	shēng	shēng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyuwng^H ›	‹ sræng ›	‹ sræng ›	‹ srjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*tuŋ-s/	/sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or s.reŋ ?)	/*sreŋ/	/sreŋ/ (or s.reŋ ?)
English	numerous	bear, be born; live	fresh, raw	bear, be born; live
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	眾	生	生
Reading #	2/2	1/2	2/2
No.	17491	11312	11322
Phonetic component	衆	生	生
Rime group	終	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	衆	生	生
Old Chinese	/*tjuŋs/	/*sʰleːŋ/	/*sreŋs/
Notes	甲文象日下三人，金文或改目下，表衆人在監督下勞作

Noun

眾生

(Buddhism) all living things
博愛眾生／博爱众生 ― bó'ài zhòngshēng ― to universally love all living things
the masses
all animals, except humans
(offensive) bugger
Alternative form of 眾牲／众牲 (“livestock, animal”)

Derived terms

一切眾生／一切众生
普度眾生／普度众生
普渡眾生／普渡众生
普濟眾生／普济众生
眾生好度，人難度／众生好度，人难度
眾生皆有佛性／众生皆有佛性
眾生相／众生相 (zhòngshēngxiàng)
芸芸眾生／芸芸众生 (yúnyúnzhòngshēng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (眾生):

→ Japanese: 衆(しゅ)生(じょう) (shujō)
→ Korean: 중생(衆生/眾生) (jungsaeng( 衆生 / 眾生 ))
→ Vietnamese: chúng sinh (眾生)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
眾	生
しゅ Hyōgaiji	しょう > じょう Grade: 1
on’yomi

Noun

眾(しゅ)生(じょう) • (shujō)

Kyūjitai form of 衆生

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
眾	生

Noun

眾生

chữ Hán form of chúng sinh (“living beings; all living creatures”).

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