咳

咳 U+54B3, 咳
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54B3
← 咲
[U+54B2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 咴 →
[U+54B4]

Translingual

Han character

咳 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 口卜女人 (RYVO), four-corner 60082, composition ⿰口亥)

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 187, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3555
  • Dae Jaweon: page 406, character 12
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 622, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+54B3

Chinese

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (亥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
該 *kɯː
垓 *kɯː
賅 *kɯː
陔 *kɯː
豥 *kɯː, *ɡɯː
荄 *kɯː, *krɯː
郂 *kɯː
姟 *kɯː
絯 *kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ
晐 *kɯː
峐 *kɯː
侅 *kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ
胲 *kɯː
頦 *kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː
奒 *kʰɯː
輆 *kʰɯːʔ
欬 *kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds
硋 *ŋɡɯːɡs
閡 *ŋɡɯːɡs
咳 *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː
孩 *ɡɯː
亥 *ɡɯːʔ
劾 *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ
痎 *krɯː
烗 *kʰrɯːɡs
骸 *ɡrɯː
駭 *ɡrɯːʔ
刻 *kʰɯːɡ
餩 *qɯːɡ
核 *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː) : semantic 口 + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ).

Pronunciation 1
simp. and trad.
 咳
alternative forms 欬

Note: koi3 - rare variant.
Note:
  • kai - literary;
  • ka - vernacular.
Rime
Character 咳
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸來切
Baxter hoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦʌi/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦəi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦəj/
Li
Rong		 /ɣᴀi/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hái
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 hoi4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 咳
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 kài
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ khojH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰˁək-s/
English cough

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

咳

  1. to cough
    咳到好辛苦 [Cantonese]  ―  kat1 dou3 hou2 san1 fu2 [Jyutping]  ―  painfully cough
    咳出一口血來／咳出一口血来  ―  ké chū yī kǒu xiě lái  ―  to cough up a mouthful of blood
  2. cough
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 咳嗽 (“to cough”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 嗽, 欬
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 咳嗽
Mandarin Beijing 咳嗽
Taiwan 咳嗽
Ulanhot 咳嗽
Tongliao 咳嗽
Chifeng 咳嗽
Bayanhot 咳嗽
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 咳嗽
Harbin 咳嗽
Shenyang 咳嗽
Yantai (Muping) 咳嗽
Jinan 咳嗽
Luoyang 咳嗽
Wanrong 咳嗽
Zhengzhou 咳嗽
Xi'an 咳嗽
Yinchuan 咳嗽
Lanzhou 咳嗽, 咳
Xining 咳嗽
Ürümqi 咳嗽
Wuhan 咳, 咯
Huanggang 咳
Chengdu 咳嗽
Guiyang 咳嗽
Kunming 咳嗽
Liuzhou 咳嗽
Xuzhou 咳嗽
Yangzhou 咳, 咳嗽
Nanjing 咳嗽
Hefei 咳嗽
Singapore 咳嗽
Cantonese Guangzhou 咳
Hong Kong 咳
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 咳嗽
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 咳嗽
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 咳
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 咳
Macau 咳
Guangzhou (Panyu) 咳
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 瘕
Guangzhou (Conghua) 咳
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 咳
Foshan 咳
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 咳
Foshan (Shunde) 咳
Foshan (Sanshui) 咳
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 咳
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 咳
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 咳
Zhuhai (Doumen) 咳
Jiangmen (Baisha) 咳
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 咳
Taishan 嗽
Kaiping (Chikan) 嗽
Enping (Niujiang) 咳, 嗽
Heshan (Yayao) 咳
Dongguan 咳
Shaoguan 咳, 咳嗽
Yunfu 咳瘕
Yangjiang 嗽, 咳嗽
Xinyi 咳
Lianjiang 咳
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咳
Singapore (Guangfu) 咳嗽
Gan Nanchang 咳, 咳嗽
Hakka Meixian 咳嗽
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 咳嗽
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 咳
Yudu 咳
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 嗽, 咳嗽
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 嗽, 咳嗽
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 嗽, 咳嗽
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 嗽, 咳嗽
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 咳, 咳嗽
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 嗽, 咳嗽
Hong Kong 咳
Senai (Huiyang) 咳
Huizhou Jixi 咳嗽, 咳, 嗽
Jin Taiyuan 咳嗽
Xinzhou 咳嗽
Taibus (Baochang) 咳嗽
Linhe 咳嗽
Jining 咳嗽
Hohhot 咳嗽
Baotou 咳嗽
Dongsheng 咳嗽
Haibowan 咳嗽
Northern Min Jian'ou 咳嗽
Eastern Min Fuzhou 嗽, 空嗽
Changle 空嗽
Fuqing 嗽
Yongtai 空嗽
Gutian 嗽
Fu'an 嗽
Ningde 嗽
Shouning 嗽
Zhouning 嗽
Fuding 嗽
Southern Min Xiamen 咁嗽, 咳嗽, 嗽
Quanzhou 咁嗽
Zhangzhou 咁嗽, 咳嗽
Yilan 嗽, 咳嗽
Penang (Hokkien) 嗽, 咳嗽, 峇啅
Singapore (Hokkien) 咳嗽, 嗽
Manila (Hokkien) 嗽
Chaozhou 咳嗽
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 咳嗽
Singapore (Teochew) 咳嗽
Leizhou 咳嗽
Haikou 咳嗽
Singapore (Hainanese) 咳嗽
Puxian Min Putian 瘕咆
Xianyou 瘕咆
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 咳
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 咳
Wu Shanghai 咳嗽
Shanghai (Chongming) 咳嗽
Suzhou 咳嗽, 咳
Wuxi 咳嗽
Danyang 咳嗽
Hangzhou 嗆, 咳嗽
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 嗆, 咳嗽
Ningbo 嗆, 嗽, 咳嗽
Wenzhou 嗽, 咳嗽
Jinhua 咳嗽, 咳
Jinhua (Tangxi) 嗽
Xiang Changsha 咳嗽, 咳
Loudi 𠻞
Shuangfeng 𠻞

Compounds

Pronunciation 2
simp. and trad.
 咳
alternative forms 嗨

Definitions

咳

  1. Used to express sorrow, remorse, or surprise.

Compounds
  • 咳歌打戰／咳歌打战
  • 咳聲嘆息／咳声叹息
  • 咳聲嘆氣／咳声叹气
  • 咳聲打氣／咳声打气

Pronunciation 3
simp. and trad.
 咳

Rime
Character 咳
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 咍 (41)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸來切
Baxter hoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɦʌi/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɦəi/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɣɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɦəj/
Li
Rong		 /ɣᴀi/
Wang
Li		 /ɣɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɣɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 hái
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 hoi4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 咳
Reading # 2/2
No. 4825
Phonetic
component		 亥
Rime
group		 之
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 孩
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡɯː/

Definitions

咳

  1. (of infant) to laugh; to cackle
  2. Alternative form of 孩 (hái, “child; infant”)
  3. interjection for sighing or order
  4. Alternative form of 閡／阂 (“to be cut off from”)

Pronunciation 4
simp. and trad.
 咳

Definitions

咳

  1. (Cantonese) Alternative form of 㩿 (kak1) (Used in 甩咳.)

Japanese

Kanji
咳

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Etymology
Kanji in this term
咳
せき
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

From the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb せく (“to cough”).[1] Cognate with 堰 (seki, “dam”).[2][3][4]

Pronunciation

Noun

咳(せき) • (seki) 

  1. a cough
    咳(せき)が出(で)る ― seki ga deru ― I have a cough.

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

咳 • (hae) (hangeul 해)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

咳: Hán Nôm readings: cay, hãy, hỡi, khái, gay, gây

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References
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