冴える

Japanese
Kanji in this term
冴
さ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
冱える

Etymology

Cognate with 清 (saya) and さやか (sayaka).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "冴える"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 冴える さえ​る [sàéꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 冴えろ さえ​ろ [sàéꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 冴えられる さえられ​る [sàéráréꜜrù]
Causative 冴えさせる さえさせ​る [sàésáséꜜrù]
Potential - - -
Volitional 冴えよう さえよ​ー [sàéyóꜜò]
Negative 冴えない さえ​ない [sàéꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 冴えなかった さえ​なかった [sàéꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 冴えます さえま​す [sàémáꜜsù]
Perfective 冴えた さ​えた [sáꜜètà]
Conjunctive 冴えて さ​えて [sáꜜètè]
Hypothetical conditional 冴えれば さえ​れば [sàéꜜrèbà]

Verb

冴(さ)える • (saeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 冴(さ)え (sae), past 冴(さ)えた (saeta))

  1. be clear, vivid
  2. be accomplished, have mastered
  3. be mentally clear, sharp

Conjugation
Conjugation of "冴える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 冴え さえ sae
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 冴え さえ sae
Shūshikei ("terminal") 冴える さえる saeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 冴える さえる saeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 冴えれ さえれ saere
Meireikei ("imperative") 冴えよ¹
冴えろ²		 さえよ¹
さえろ²		 saeyo¹
saero²
Key constructions
Passive 冴えられる さえられる saerareru
Causative 冴えさせる
冴えさす		 さえさせる
さえさす		 saesaseru
saesasu
Potential 冴えられる
冴えれる³		 さえられる
さえれる³		 saerareru
saereru³
Volitional 冴えよう さえよう saeyō
Negative 冴えない
冴えぬ
冴えん		 さえない
さえぬ
さえん		 saenai
saenu
saen
Negative continuative 冴えず さえず saezu
Formal 冴えます さえます saemasu
Perfective 冴えた さえた saeta
Conjunctive 冴えて さえて saete
Hypothetical conditional 冴えれば さえれば saereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Derived terms

References
  1. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  5. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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