偽造

See also: 伪造 and 僞造

Chinese

		false; fake; forged false; fake; forged; bogus	to make; to build; to invent to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture
trad. (偽造/僞造)		偽/僞	造
simp. (伪造)		伪	造

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wěizào, wèizào

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˇ ㄗㄠˋ, ㄨㄟˋ ㄗㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁶ zou⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngúi-chho
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ûi-chǒ / gūi-chō

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngui⁶ zao⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wěizào
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˇ ㄗㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wěizào
  - Wade–Giles: wei³-tsao⁴
  - Yale: wěi-dzàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: woeitzaw
  - Palladius: вэйцзао (vɛjczao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wèizào
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄗㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wèizào
  - Wade–Giles: wei⁴-tsao⁴
  - Yale: wèi-dzàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weytzaw
  - Palladius: вэйцзао (vɛjczao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngai⁶ zou⁶
  - Yale: ngaih jouh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁶ dzou⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁶ zou⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²² t͡sou̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngúi-chho
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngui` co
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngui³ co⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i³¹ t͡sʰo⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi-chǒ
  - Tâi-lô: uî-tsǒ
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴⁻²² t͡so²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gūi-chō
  - Tâi-lô: guī-tsō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: guixzoi
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡui³³⁻²¹ t͡sɤ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ɡui²²⁻²¹ t͡so²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɡui³³⁻¹¹ t͡so³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngui⁶ zao⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngŭi tsău
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋui³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sau³⁵/

Verb

偽造

to forge; to falsify; to fabricate; to counterfeit; to fake

Synonyms

假造 (jiǎzào)
土統／土统 (Hokkien)
捏 (niē) (literary, or in compounds)
捏造 (niēzào)
杜撰 (dùzhuàn)
桶摃／桶𫼱 (Hokkien)
構造／构造 (gòuzào) (archaic)
瞎編／瞎编 (xiābiān)
編製／编制 (biānzhì) (figurative)
編造／编造 (biānzào)
胡編／胡编 (húbiān)
臆造 (yìzào)
莫之莫捏 (Hokkien)
莫捏 (Hokkien)
虛構／虚构 (xūgòu)
造謠／造谣 (zàoyáo)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
偽	造
ぎ Grade: S	ぞう Grade: 5
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
僞造 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ぎぞー [gìzóó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [ɡʲizo̞ː]

Noun

偽(ぎ)造(ぞう) • (gizō)

forgery; falsification; fabrication; counterfeiting

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
偽	造

Adjective

偽造

chữ Hán form of nguỵ tạo (“fake”).

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[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN