あたえる

Japanese
Alternative spelling
与える

Etymology

/*ataperu/ → /ataɸeru/ → /ataheru/ → /ataeru/

Derived as the potential form of archaic and literary verb atau (“to put into continued contact with”), from imperfective form ata of root verb atsu (modern ateru: 当てる, “to put one thing against another”) + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state).[1]

Original meaning was “to give something appropriate or fitting to another person”.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) あたえる [àtáérú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [a̠ta̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "与える"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 与える あたえる [àtáérú]
Imperative (命令形) 与えろ あたえろ [àtáéró]
Key constructions
Passive 与えられる あたえられる [àtáérárérú]
Causative 与えさせる あたえさせる [àtáésásérú]
Potential 与えられる あたえられる [àtáérárérú]
Volitional 与えよう あたえよ​ー [àtáéyóꜜò]
Negative 与えない あたえない [àtáénáí]
Negative perfective 与えなかった あたえな​かった [àtáénáꜜkàttà]
Formal 与えます あたえま​す [àtáémáꜜsù]
Perfective 与えた あたえた [àtáétá]
Conjunctive 与えて あたえて [àtáété]
Hypothetical conditional 与えれば あたえれ​ば [àtáéréꜜbà]

Verb

あたえる • (ataeru) ←あたへる (ataferu)?transitive ichidan (stem あたえ (atae), past あたえた (ataeta))

  1. to give something; to bestow; to grant; to impart
    人(ひと)に物(もの)を与(あた)える
    hito ni mono o ataeru
    to give a thing to a person
    害(がい)を与(あた)える
    gai o ataeru
    to inflict harm
    夢(ゆめ)を与(あた)える
    yume o ataeru
    to bestow dreams

Conjugation
Conjugation of "あたえる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") あたえ atae
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") あたえ atae
Shūshikei ("terminal") あたえる ataeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") あたえる ataeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") あたえれ ataere
Meireikei ("imperative") あたえよ¹
あたえろ²		 ataeyo¹
ataero²
Key constructions
Passive あたえられる ataerareru
Causative あたえさせる
あたえさす		 ataesaseru
ataesasu
Potential あたえられる
あたえれる³		 ataerareru
ataereru³
Volitional あたえよう ataeyō
Negative あたえない
あたえぬ
あたえん		 ataenai
ataenu
ataen
Negative continuative あたえず ataezu
Formal あたえます ataemasu
Perfective あたえた ataeta
Conjunctive あたえて ataete
Hypothetical conditional あたえれば ataereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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