ܐܚܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
| Root |
|---|
| ܐ ܚ ܐ (ˀ ḥ ˀ) |
| 4 terms |
Etymology
From Aramaic אֲחָא (ʾăḥā), from Proto-Semitic *ʔaḫw-; compare Arabic أَخ (ʔaḵ), Hebrew אָח ('ákh) and Akkadian 𒋀 (aḫum)
Pronunciation
- (standard) IPA(key): [ʔaxɑː]
Noun
ܐܲܚܵܐ • (aḥḥā) m sg (plural ܐܲܚ̈ܘܵܬ݂ܹܐ (aḥwāṯē) or ܐܲܚ̈ܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (aḥḥawāṯā), feminine ܚܵܬ݂ܵܐ (ḥāṯā))
- brother (male sibling having parents in common)
- ܘܵܠܹܐ ܕܡܲܟ̰ܫ݇ܚܸܢ ܠܹܗ ܐܲܚܝܼ، ܩܸܡ ܡܛܲܠܩܸܢ ܠܹܗ. ― wālē d-mačḥin lēh aḥī, qim mṭalqin lēh. ― I have to find my brother, I lost him.
- ܐܝܼܬ݂ ܠܵܗ̇ ܐܲܚܵܐ ܓܵܘ ܣܘܲܝܕ݂ ܘܚܵܬ݂ܵܐ ܓܵܘ ܐܲܠܡܵܢܝܼܵܐ. ― īṯ lāh aḥḥā gāw swayḏ w-ḥāṯā gāw almānīyā. ― She has a brother in Sweden and a sister in Germany.
- Proverbs 17:17:
- ܚܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ ܒܟܠ ܙܲܒ݂ܢܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܡܲܚܸܒ، ܘܐܲܚܵܐ ܩܵܐ ܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ ܕܐܘܼܠܨܵܢܵܐ ܦܝܼܫܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܝܠܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ.
- ḥaḇrā b-kul zaḇnā kē maḥḥib, w-aḥḥā qā ˁiddānā d-ulṣānā pīšā ìlēh līḏā.
- A friend loves at all times, And a brother is born for adversity.
- (in the plural) siblings
- kinsman, friend, companion
- monk, friar
- (in the first-person possessive form) Respectful term of address to a male around one’s own age or slightly younger (see usage notes below)
Usage notes
- This term on its own is used both literally and figuratively; including full brothers, half-brothers and step-brothers.
- (term of address) The term used by old individuals to a male a lot younger than them is ܒܪܘܿܢܝܼ (brōnī, literally “My son”), and not this term.
Inflection
| number | isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | |||
| m | f | ||||||
| singular | absolute | ܐܲܚ (aḥ) |
1st person | ܐܲܚܝܼ (aḥī) |
ܐܲܚܘܼܢ (aḥūn) | ||
| construct | ܐܲܚܘܼ (aḥū) |
2nd person | ܐܲܚܘܼܟ݂ (aḥūḵ) |
ܐܲܚܘܵܟ݂ܝ (aḥwāḵ) |
ܐܲܚܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (aḥḥāwḵōn) | ||
| emphatic | ܐܲܚܵܐ (aḥḥā) |
3rd person | ܐܲܚܘܼܗܝ (aḥūh) |
ܐܲܚܘܿܗ̇ (aḥḥōh) |
ܐܲܚܘܼܗܘܿܢ (aḥūhōn) | ||
| plural | absolute | ܐܲܚܝܼ̈ܢ (aḥīn) |
1st person | ܐܲܚܘܵܬ݂ܝܼ̈ (aḥwāṯī) |
ܐܲܚܘܵܬ݂ܲܢ̈ (aḥwāṯan) | ||
| construct | ܐܲܚ̈ܘܵܬ݂ (aḥwāṯ) |
2nd person | ܐܲܚܘܵܬ݂ܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (aḥwāṯūḵ) |
ܐܲܚܘܵܬ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (aḥwāṯāḵ) |
ܐܲܚܘܵܬ݂ܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (aḥwāṯāwḵōn) | ||
| emphatic | ܐܲܚ̈ܘܵܬ݂ܹܐ (aḥwāṯē) |
3rd person | ܐܲܚܘܵܬ݂ܘܼ̈ܗܝ (aḥwāṯūh) |
ܐܲܚ̈ܘܵܬ݂ܘܿܗ̇ (aḥwāṯōh) |
ܐܲܚܘܵܬ݂ܗ̈ܘܿܢ (aḥwāṯhōn) | ||
Derived terms
- ܐܲܚܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (aḥūṯā, “brotherhood, fraternity”)
- ܐܲܚܘܿܢܵܐ (aḥōnā, “little brother; brother”)
- ܐܲܚܵܐ ܐܘܼܓܵܐ (aḥḥā ūgā, “half brother”)
- ܐܲܚܵܐ ܚܘܼܪܓܵܐ (aḥḥā ḥurgā, “stepbrother”)
- ܐܲܚܵܝܵܐ (aḥḥāyā, “brotherly, fraternal”)
- ܐ݇ܚܝܵܢܵܐ (ḥyānā, “relative”)
- ܒܲܪ ܐܲܚܵܐ (bar aḥḥā, “fraternal nephew”)
- ܒܲܪ݇ܬ ܐܲܚܵܐ (bat aḥḥā, “fraternal niece”)
Classical Syriac
Etymology
From Proto-Semitic *ʾaḫ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ʔăħɑ] (singular)
- IPA(key): [ʔăħe] (plural)
Usage notes
The word ܐܚܐ is one of only three nouns in the entire language that have an irregular possessive stem ending in the letter Waw; the other two being ܐܒܐ (ʾăḇāʾ, “father”) and ܚܡܐ (ḥəmā, “father-in-law”).
Inflection
declension of ܐܚܐ
| state | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| absolute | ܐܚ | ܐܚܝܢ |
| construct | ܐܚ | ܐܚܝ |
| emphatic | ܐܚܐ | ܐܚܐ |
| possessive forms | ||
| 1st c. sg. (my) | ܐܚܝ | ܐܚܝ |
| 2nd m. sg. (your) | ܐܚܘܟ | ܐܚܝܟ |
| 2nd f. sg. (your) | ܐܚܘܟܝ | ܐܚܝܟܝ |
| 3rd m. sg. (his) | ܐܚܘܗܝ | ܐܚܘܗܝ |
| 3rd f. sg. (her) | ܐܚܘܗ | ܐܚܝܗ |
| 1st c. pl. (our) | ܐܚܘܢ | ܐܚܝܢ |
| 2nd m. pl. (your) | ܐܚܘܟܘܢ | ܐܚܝܟܘܢ |
| 2nd f. pl. (your) | ܐܚܘܟܝܢ | ܐܚܝܟܝܢ |
| 3rd m. pl. (their) | ܐܚܘܗܘܢ | ܐܚܝܗܘܢ |
| 3rd f. pl. (their) | ܐܚܘܗܝܢ | ܐܚܝܗܝܢ |
References
- “ˀḥ”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2011-06-15
- Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 5a
- Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 9b
- Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 25a
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