Geographical distribution of Samoyedic-speaking peoples in the 17th and 20th centuries

The Samoyedic people (also Samodeic people)[1] are a group of closely related peoples who speak Samoyedic languages, which are part of the Uralic family. They are a linguistic, ethnic, and cultural grouping. The name derives from the obsolete term Samoyed (meaning "self-eater" in Russian) used in Russia for some Indigenous people of Siberia.[2][3]

Peoples

Contemporary

People Group Language Numbers[4] Most important territory Other traditional territories
Nenets Northern Samoyeds Nenets 45,000 Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District

 Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
Enets Northern Samoyeds Enets 200–300 Krasnoyarsk Krai
Nganasans Northern Samoyeds Nganasan 900–1000 Krasnoyarsk Krai
Selkups Southern Samoyeds Selkup 3,700 Tomsk Oblast

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

 Krasnoyarsk Krai
Kamasins Southern Samoyeds Kamassian 2[5] or around 20[6] Krasnoyarsk Krai

Extinct

  • Yurats, who spoke Yurats (Northern Samoyeds)[7]
  • Mators or Motors, who spoke Mator (Southern Samoyeds)[7]
  • Kamasins, who spoke Kamassian (Southern Samoyeds) (in the last two censuses, two people identified still as Kamasin under the subgroup "other nationalities".)[8][5]

The largest of the Samoyedic peoples are the Nenets, who mainly live in two autonomous districts of Russia: Yamalo-Nenetsia and Nenetsia. Some of the Nenets and most of the Enets and Nganasans used to live in the Taymyria autonomous district (formerly known as Dolgano-Nenetsia), but today this area is a territory with special status within Krasnoyarsk Krai. Most of the Selkups live in Yamalo-Nenetsia, but there is also a significant population in Tomsk Oblast.

References and notes

  1. ↑ Some ethnologists use the term 'Samodeic people' instead 'Samoyedic', see Balzer, Marjorie (1999). The Tenacity of Ethnicity. Princeton University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-691-00673-4.
  2. ↑ [T]he term Samoyedic is sometimes considered derogatory in Balzer, Marjorie (1999). The Tenacity of Ethnicity. Princeton University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-691-00673-4. Samoyedic derogatory.
  3. ↑ "Samoyeds" had no derogatory meaning and represents a modification of the expression same-edne in Arctic Institute of North America (1961). Anthropology of the North: Translations from Russian Sources. University of Toronto Press. p. 219.
  4. ↑ Demoskop Weekly No 543-544
  5. 1 2 "Итоги Всероссийской переписи населения 2020 года. Том 5. Национальный состав и владение языками. Таблица 2. Состав группы населения «Указавшие другие ответы о национальной принадлежности»". Retrieved 2023-01-03.
  6. ↑ "Администрация Саянского района. Унифицированный туристский паспорт. Саянский район Красноярского края". Retrieved 2023-01-03.
  7. 1 2 Unesco Red Book on Endangered Languages
  8. ↑ https://rosstat.gov.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol4/pub-04-02.pdf


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