Order-4 apeirogonal tiling
Order-4 apeirogonal tiling
Poincaré disk model of the hyperbolic plane
TypeHyperbolic regular tiling
Vertex configuration∞4
Schläfli symbol{∞,4}
r{∞,∞}
t(∞,∞,∞)
t0,1,2,3(∞,∞,∞,∞)
Wythoff symbol4 | ∞ 2
2 | ∞ ∞
∞ ∞ | ∞
Coxeter diagram

Symmetry group[∞,4], (*∞42)
[∞,∞], (*∞∞2)
[(∞,∞,∞)], (*∞∞∞)
(*∞∞∞∞)
DualInfinite-order square tiling
PropertiesVertex-transitive, edge-transitive, face-transitive edge-transitive

In geometry, the order-4 apeirogonal tiling is a regular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It has Schläfli symbol of {∞,4}.

Symmetry

This tiling represents the mirror lines of *2∞ symmetry. It dual to this tiling represents the fundamental domains of orbifold notation *∞∞∞∞ symmetry, a square domain with four ideal vertices.

Uniform colorings

Like the Euclidean square tiling there are 9 uniform colorings for this tiling, with 3 uniform colorings generated by triangle reflective domains. A fourth can be constructed from an infinite square symmetry (*∞∞∞∞) with 4 colors around a vertex. The checker board, r{∞,∞}, coloring defines the fundamental domains of [(∞,4,4)], (*∞44) symmetry, usually shown as black and white domains of reflective orientations.

1 color 2 color 3 and 2 colors 4, 3 and 2 colors
[∞,4], (*∞42) [∞,∞], (*∞∞2) [(∞,∞,∞)], (*∞∞∞) (*∞∞∞∞)
{∞,4} r{∞,∞}
= {∞,4}1⁄2		 t0,2(∞,∞,∞)
= r{∞,∞}1⁄2		 t0,1,2,3(∞,∞,∞,∞)
= r{∞,∞}1⁄4 = {∞,4}1⁄8

(1111)
(1212)
(1213)
(1112)
(1234)
(1123)
(1122)
= =
= 		= =

This tiling is also topologically related as a part of sequence of regular polyhedra and tilings with four faces per vertex, starting with the octahedron, with Schläfli symbol {n,4}, and Coxeter diagram , with n progressing to infinity.

*n42 symmetry mutation of regular tilings: {n,4}
Spherical Euclidean Hyperbolic tilings
24 34 44 54 64 74 84 ...∞4
Paracompact uniform tilings in [∞,4] family
{∞,4} t{∞,4} r{∞,4} 2t{∞,4}=t{4,∞} 2r{∞,4}={4,∞} rr{∞,4} tr{∞,4}
Dual figures
V∞4 V4.∞.∞ V(4.∞)2 V8.8.∞ V4∞ V43.∞ V4.8.∞
Alternations
[1+,∞,4]
(*44∞)		 [∞+,4]
(∞*2)		 [∞,1+,4]
(*2∞2∞)		 [∞,4+]
(4*∞)		 [∞,4,1+]
(*∞∞2)		 [(∞,4,2+)]
(2*2∞)		 [∞,4]+
(∞42)

=
=
h{∞,4} s{∞,4} hr{∞,4} s{4,∞} h{4,∞} hrr{∞,4} s{∞,4}
Alternation duals
V(∞.4)4 V3.(3.∞)2 V(4.∞.4)2 V3.∞.(3.4)2 V∞∞ V∞.44 V3.3.4.3.∞
Paracompact uniform tilings in [∞,∞] family

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
{∞,∞} t{∞,∞} r{∞,∞} 2t{∞,∞}=t{∞,∞} 2r{∞,∞}={∞,∞} rr{∞,∞} tr{∞,∞}
Dual tilings
V∞∞ V∞.∞.∞ V(∞.∞)2 V∞.∞.∞ V∞∞ V4.∞.4.∞ V4.4.∞
Alternations
[1+,∞,∞]
(*∞∞2)		 [∞+,∞]
(∞*∞)		 [∞,1+,∞]
(*∞∞∞∞)		 [∞,∞+]
(∞*∞)		 [∞,∞,1+]
(*∞∞2)		 [(∞,∞,2+)]
(2*∞∞)		 [∞,∞]+
(2∞∞)
h{∞,∞} s{∞,∞} hr{∞,∞} s{∞,∞} h2{∞,∞} hrr{∞,∞} sr{∞,∞}
Alternation duals
V(∞.∞)∞ V(3.∞)3 V(∞.4)4 V(3.∞)3 V∞∞ V(4.∞.4)2 V3.3.∞.3.∞
Paracompact uniform tilings in [(∞,∞,∞)] family
(∞,∞,∞)
h{∞,∞}		 r(∞,∞,∞)
h2{∞,∞}		 (∞,∞,∞)
h{∞,∞}		 r(∞,∞,∞)
h2{∞,∞}		 (∞,∞,∞)
h{∞,∞}		 r(∞,∞,∞)
r{∞,∞}		 t(∞,∞,∞)
t{∞,∞}
Dual tilings
V∞∞ V∞.∞.∞.∞ V∞∞ V∞.∞.∞.∞ V∞∞ V∞.∞.∞.∞ V∞.∞.∞
Alternations
[(1+,∞,∞,∞)]
(*∞∞∞∞)		 [∞+,∞,∞)]
(∞*∞)		 [∞,1+,∞,∞)]
(*∞∞∞∞)		 [∞,∞+,∞)]
(∞*∞)		 [(∞,∞,∞,1+)]
(*∞∞∞∞)		 [(∞,∞,∞+)]
(∞*∞)		 [∞,∞,∞)]+
(∞∞∞)
Alternation duals
V(∞.∞)∞ V(∞.4)4 V(∞.∞)∞ V(∞.4)4 V(∞.∞)∞ V(∞.4)4 V3.∞.3.∞.3.∞

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Order-4 apeirogonal tiling.

References

  • John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strass, The Symmetries of Things 2008, ISBN 978-1-56881-220-5 (Chapter 19, The Hyperbolic Archimedean Tessellations)
  • "Chapter 10: Regular honeycombs in hyperbolic space". The Beauty of Geometry: Twelve Essays. Dover Publications. 1999. ISBN 0-486-40919-8. LCCN 99035678.
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