| Mission type | Technology (Weather) |
|---|---|
| Operator | VNIIEM |
| COSPAR ID | 1963-050A |
| SATCAT no. | 00707 |
| Mission duration | 105 days |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft type | Omega |
| Manufacturer | Yuzhnoye |
| Launch mass | 347 kg[1] |
| Dimensions | 1.8 m long and 1.2 m in diameter |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 13 December 1963 13:55:00 GMT |
| Rocket | Kosmos-2I 63S1 |
| Launch site | Kapustin Yar, Mayak-2 |
| Contractor | Yuzhnoye |
| End of mission | |
| Decay date | 27 March 1964 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric[2] |
| Regime | Low Earth |
| Perigee altitude | 241 km |
| Apogee altitude | 540 km |
| Inclination | 48.98° |
| Period | 92.3 minutes |
| Epoch | 13 December 1963 |
Kosmos 23 (Russian: Космос 23 meaning Cosmos 23), also known as Omega No.2, was a satellite which was launched by the Soviet Union in 1963. It was an Omega satellite, derived from the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik series. It was a 347 kilograms (765 lb) spacecraft,[1] which was built by the Yuzhnoye Design Office, and was used to conduct experiments with the use of gyroscopes to control spacecraft, for VNIIEM.[3]
Spacecraft
Kosmos 23 served as a testing platform launched by the Soviet Union to assess electrotechnical systems essential for the orientation and stabilization of weather satellites. Structurally resembling its forerunner, Kosmos 14, the satellite took the form of a cylindrical body with two hemispherical ends, measuring 1.8 meters (5 ft 11 in) in length and 1.2 meters (3 ft 11 in) in diameter. Experimental evaluations included the performance of power supplies utilizing solar cell batteries, with onboard equipment monitoring automatic devices controlling both solar and chemical batteries.
The control stabilization system featured flywheels propelled by electric motors, with kinetic energy dampened through electromagnets interacting with the Earth's magnetic field. This three-axis stabilization system effectively oriented the satellite towards Earth. Communication was facilitated by a "Mayak" radio transmitter operating at 20 MHz. Additionally, there is a possibility that Kosmos 23 carried the initial Soviet meteorological scanning infrared radiometer, enabling the acquisition of basic nighttime images of Earth's cloud cover.
The insights gained from these tests, alongside similar experiments conducted on Kosmos 14 eight months earlier, were integrated into subsequent launches such as Kosmos 122 within the "Meteor" system. Together, these two missions marked the initial phase in the development of Soviet weather satellites.[4]
Launch
Kosmos 23 was launched from Mayak-2 at Kapustin Yar, aboard a Kosmos-2I 63S1 carrier rocket.[5] The launch occurred at 13:55 GMT on 13 December 1963, and resulted in the successful insertion of the satellite into a low Earth orbit.[6] Upon reaching orbit, the satellite was assigned its Kosmos designation, and received the International Designator 1963-050A. The North American Air Defense Command assigned it the catalogue number 00707.[4]
Mission
Kosmos 23 was the second of two Omega satellites to be launched,[3] after Kosmos 14.[7] It was operated in an orbit with a perigee of 241 kilometres (150 mi), an apogee of 540 kilometres (340 mi), an inclination, and an orbital period of 92.3 minutes. It remained in orbit until it decayed and reentered the atmosphere on 27 March 1964.[8][9]
See also
References
- 1 2 "World Civil Satellites 1957-2006". Space Security Index. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
- ↑ https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/displayTrajectory.action?id=1963-050A - 27 February 2020
- 1 2 Wade, Mark. "Omega". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 7 May 2002. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
- 1 2 https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1963-050A - 27 February 2020
- ↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
- ↑ Wade, Mark. "Kosmos 2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 18 June 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
- ↑ Krebs, Gunter. "Omega". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
- ↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
- ↑ "Satellite Falls to Earth". The Guardian. London, Greater London, England. Reuters. 28 March 1964. p. 1. Retrieved 15 February 2020 – via Newspapers.com.