| Huehuetla Tepehua | |
|---|---|
| Lhiimaqalhqama7 | |
| Native to | Mexico |
| Region | northeastern Hidalgo, Mexico |
Native speakers | 1,500 (2007)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | tee |
| Glottolog | hueh1236 |
| ELP | Huehuetla Tepehua |
Huehuetla Tepehua is a moribund Tepehua language spoken in Huehuetla, northeastern Hidalgo, Mexico. There are fewer than 1,500 speakers left according to Susan Smythe Kung (2007).
Syntax
Word order tends to be VSO, although it can be SVO at times (Kung 2007).
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | sibilant | lateral | |||||||
| Nasal | m | n | |||||||
| Stop | plain | p | t | ts | tʃ | k | q | ʔ | |
| ejective | pʼ | tʼ | tsʼ | tʃʼ | kʼ | ||||
| voiced | (b) | (d) | (g) | ||||||
| Fricative | s | ɬ | ʃ | h | |||||
| Approximant | w | l | j | ||||||
| Trill | r | ||||||||
| Flap | ɾ | ||||||||
The voiced stops /b/, /d/, and /g/, as well as the flap /ɾ/ and the trill /r/, appear only in loanwords and ideophones. In younger speakers, the uvular /q/ has merged with the glottal stop /ʔ/.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Low | a |
Morphology
Huehuetla Tepehua has a large variety of affixes (Kung 2007).
- Valency-changing affixes
- Reflexive -kan
- Reciprocal laa-
- Dative -ni
- Causative maa-
- Instrumental puu-
- Comitative t'aa-
- Applicative lhii-
- Aspectual derivational affixes
- Inchoative ta-
- Imminent ti-
- Roundtrip kii-
- Ambulative -t'ajun
- Begin -tzuku
- Desiderative -putun
- Repetitive -pala
- Again -choqo
- All -qoju
- Distal -chaa and Proximal -chii
- Derivative affixes
- Agent nominalizer –nV7
- Non-agentive nominalizers –ti and -nti
- Deverbalizer -n
- Instrumental prefixes paa- and lhaa-
- Locative prefix puu-
- Applicative prefix lhii-
- Comitative prefix t'aa-
Further reading
- Zendejas, Esther Herrera (2021). "Mecapalapa Tepehua". Illustrations of the IPA. Journal of the International Phonetic Association: 1–17. doi:10.1017/S0025100321000098, with supplementary sound recordings.
References
Sources
- Kung, Susan Smythe (2007). A Descriptive Grammar of Huehuetla Tepehua (Ph.D. thesis). The University of Texas at Austin.
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