The Financial Modeling World Cup (FMWC) is a organization that hosts various Microsoft Excel based competitions.

The FMWC held its first competition in September 2020 and currently hosts three competitions:


Financial Modeling World Cup (FMWC)

Description, Competition Format, and Scoring

FMWC is an annual Excel modeling competition.

During the course of a season (January through November), competitors complete eight stages, and are allotted two hours over a 48 hour window to complete each stage.

Each stage contains three case studies, one to five pages long, with multiple choice or fill-in questions at the end. Contrary to what the name suggests, not all case studies are financial modeling based; Many are business modeling or data modeling based.

Stage points are available for:

  • Task: Correctly solving questions on each case (Points vary by question)
  • Time: Completing the stage early (10 points per minute, awarded only if the competitor has scored 900 task points)

Each stage winner's score is normalized to 1,000 points, and the score of all other competitors are normalized accordingly.

FMWC rankings and final standings are based on points scored across each competitor's top 6 stages (bottom 2 stages are dropped).

Format Changes

  • 2020: The first of four FMWC stages started in September 2020. All stages contributed to the final standings.
  • 2021: The stage count increased to twelve. The bottom two stages for each competitor were dropped from the final standings.
  • 2022: The stage count decreased to eight. Case authors can not score a higher time bonus than any other player. Stage score normalization was introduced. The prize for top company was eliminated.
  • 2023: For each stage, case authors may not score more points than the best player playing full-time.

Competition Statistics

YearRegistrations [lower-alpha 1]Participants [lower-alpha 2]Completed Max Number of Stages [lower-alpha 3]Prize Pool (USD)
2020 [1]12511736$10,000
2021 [2]33330772$20,000
2022 [3]443402136$25,000
2023 [4]401363136$25,000

Results

Key
Score dropped from final rankings per FMWC rules
2020
RankNameNationAge Group1234TotalPrize
1st place, gold medalist(s)Joseph Lau AustraliaMasters7851,2857952,6705,535$3,000
2nd place, silver medalist(s)Diarmuid Early United StatesOpen8251,2601,0351,6504,770$2,000
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)Andrew Ngai Great BritainOpen1,1608802,6704,710$1,000
4John Lim AustraliaOpen6058907352,2904,520
5Christian Hueber AustriaOpen4701,1058052,1054,485
6Anup Agarwal IndiaOpen1,00095525254,480
7Samir Asadov IrelandOpen5201,02555520504,150
8Joseph Michael Palisoc United StatesOpen6558858051,7504,095
9Dan Mayoh AustraliaOpen6208757201,8504,065
10Willem Gerritsen NetherlandsMasters6558458251,4753,800
2021
RankNameNationAge Group123456789101112TotalPrize
1st place, gold medalist(s)Diarmuid Early United StatesOpen1,1701,0151,1601,1658651,5101,2609708151,1451,4401,09011,925$5,000
2nd place, silver medalist(s)Anup Agarwal IndiaOpen1,1057901,4601,0658651,2658351,1755351,0051,55085011,175$2,000
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)Andrew Ngai AustraliaOpen1,2007358207651,3151,2651,0301,1408201,3251,30063510,980$1,000
4Jeff Heng Siang Tan MalaysiaOpen4954851,2905301,1451,2306501,2505301,4601,1901,35010,625$500
5Willem Gerritsen NetherlandsOpen1,2756057207508851,2001,2101,0707201,0601,35085010,370$500
6Michael Jarman CanadaOpen8258201,3007658951,1708951,0408671,4201,09010,322$500
7Christian Hueber AustriaOpen7251,1309258658306701,0356159701,3058509,305$500
8Janis Reinis Beikmanis LatviaU-256457608401,17879583008206257651,2851,3719,289$350
9Joseph Michael Palisoc United StatesOpen7255606756101,0158406808406051,1301,4008758,790$350
10Sameer Jagetia United StatesOpen7056508216851,0409456709205709501,3305638,716$350
2022
RankNameNationAge Group12345678TotalPrize
1st place, gold medalist(s)Laurence Lau United StatesOpen1,0009571,0009591,0001,0007699785,937$7,000
2nd place, silver medalist(s)Diarmuid Early IrelandOpen8211,0008301,0008859561,0001,0005,841$4,000
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)Andrew Ngai AustraliaOpen8478998158389718039748835,412$2,000
4Michael Jarman CanadaOpen8986705967758999569687805,276$1,000
5Willem Gerritsen NetherlandsOpen7407902376227956467888344,593$800
6Joseph Michael Palisoc United StatesOpen8095767377796765078407134,554$750
7Anup Agarwal IndiaOpen6946345267128496978407494,541$700
8Tim Roberts Great BritainOpen7627785936988357004,366$650
9Matthew Fried AustraliaOpen8216116946468786864,336$600
10Paul Dent Great BritainOpen5878336197347055006447944,329$550
2023
RankNameNationAge Group12345678TotalPrize
1st place, gold medalist(s)Laurence Lau United StatesOpen6541,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0001,0006,000$7,000
2nd place, silver medalist(s)Diarmuid Early IrelandOpen9178858579935887175979725,341$4,000
3rd place, bronze medalist(s)Michael Jarman CanadaOpen1,0006855736267136831,0008184,899$2,000
4Andrew Ngai AustraliaOpen8579438356855556756538054,800$1,000
5Willem Gerritsen NetherlandsOpen8957625706645816635866104,180$800
6Joseph Michael Palisoc United StatesOpen6246856383926516506348504,108$750
7Paul Dent Great BritainOpen6996977104835926545866494,001$700
8Michael Clarke New ZealandOpen6697826315566146836173,996$650
9Matthew Fried AustraliaOpen7636985303925447634746173,915$600
10Harry Gross Great BritainU-2558610005273185854465006243,822$550

Microsoft Excel World Championship (MEWC)

2021

The MEWC began in 2021 as the FMWC Open, an Excel Esports tournament. The competition was a standalone event that did not impact the Financial Modeling World Cup Rankings in regular seasons.[1]

The tournament consisted of a Qualification Round, with the top 128 qualifiers advancing to a single elimination tournament. [5]

Qualification rounds began on November 13, and continued into December.[5] The last three rounds of the FMWC Open competition were held on December 11, 2021, and were broadcast on FMWC YouTube channel and ESPN3.[6][7] Andrew Ngai (now representing Australia), Anup Agarwal (India), and Michael Jarman (Canada) returned as quarterfinals qualifiers, and Harry Gross from the UK, Jason Moore from the US, Joseph Palisoc from the US, Sameer Jagetia from the US, and Tim Roberts from the UK also qualified.[8] The final round, entitled "Knights and Warriors", had contestants, each representing a fictional nation, send fictional warriors to conquer each other. Ngai defeated Jarman 734–280, with a maximum of 1,000 points per side.[5]

2022

The FMWC Open was rebranded as the Microsoft Excel World Championship (MEWC). Like its predecessor, it also consisted of a Qualification Round, with the top 128 qualifiers advancing to a single elimination tournament.

Qualification results (Top 50)

In total 377 people took part and 128 qualified for the final round. The best ranked participants of the FMWC ranking, were prequalified.

RankNameTotal PointsTime
1Netherlands Willem Gerritsen5,00000:36:50
2New Zealand Michael Clarke5,00000:46:59
3Canada Michael Holmes5,00000:51:01
4United States Brian Hanley5,00000:51:28
5Spain Alfons Oliver Altes5,00000:52:23
6Canada Justin Merson5,00000:54:51
7United States Britanny Deaton5,00000:54:57
8South Africa Jason Webber5,00000:55:02
9Spain Eduardo Gonazales Arias5,00000:55:32
10United Kingdom Peter Rebecchi5,00000:55:57
11United States David Brown5,00000:56:49
12India Stefanus Ng5,00000:59:28
13United States Diarmuid Early4,80000:25:14
14United Kingdom Paul Dent4,60000:50:55
15France Nicolas Micot4,60000:52:31
16United States Nick McCartney4,60000:54:55
17United States Lianna Gerrish4,60000:57:34
18Belgium Bram Van Eeckhout4,60000:58:14
19Australia Matthew Fried4,55000:50:17
20Spain Isaac Mendez Cortinas4,40000:56:55
21 United States Emad Oughourli 4,300 00:59:18
22 United Kingdom Tom Vincent 4,300 01:00:00
23 United States Michael Thanasides 4,300 01:00:00
24 India Dhara Shah 4,200 00:59:28
25 China Ben Gutscher 4,100 00:43:06
26 Australia Toby Funston 4,050 00:59:59
27 United Kingdom David Rosel 4,000 00:45:38
28 United States Dan Seiders 4,000 00:56:40
29 Netherlands Albert Blom 4,000 00:57:31
30 United States Harry Seiders 4,000 00:57:31
31 United States Taylor Robinson 4,000 00:58:23
32 United States Mary Brown 4,000 00:58:23
33 Canada Patrick Chatain 4,000 00:58:43
34 Latvia Aleksandrs Goba 4,000 00:59:00
35 Mexico Ricardo Domínguez 4,000 00:59:09
36 Russia Grigoriy Korkishko 4,000 00:59:28
37 Hungary Zsolt Mogyorósi 4,000 00:59:49
38 United States Joseph Michael Palisoc 4,000 00:59:52
39 United States Luke Moraga 4,000 01:00:00
40 United States Nick Lowman 3,975 00:59:01
41 United Kingdom Jaq Kennedy 3,875 00:59:48
42 Egypt Khaled Habib 3,800 00:59:36
43 United States Ben deLeon 3,800 00:59:39
44 Poland Jakub Pomykalski 3,800 00:59:50
45 France Pierre Sertin 3,675 00:59:50
46 South Africa Steyn Wolmarans 3,600 00:49:04
47 United States Bob Schriver 3,600 00:52:22
48 Austria Christian Hueber 3,600 00:54:19
49 Japan Jason Naniong 3,600 00:57:51
50 United Kingdom Ryan Bains 3,600 00:58:01

Bracket

 
Round of 128Round of 64Round of 32Round of 16Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal
 
                          
 
 
 
 
Australia Andrew Ngai676
 
 
 
Hong Kong Alvin Siu Hin Lui188
 
Australia Andrew Ngai676
 
 
 
China Ben Gutscher484
 
Philippines Princess Camille Ong72
 
 
 
China Ben Gutscher664
 
Australia Andrew Ngai780
 
 
 
Australia Peter Li189
 
New Zealand Cheong Ng232
 
 
 
Australia Peter Li664
 
Australia Peter Li676
 
 
 
Australia Steve Schulz272
 
United Kingdom Harry Gross84
 
 
 
Australia Steve Schulz664
 
Australia Andrew Ngai346
 
 
 
Australia Min Chen104
 
France Nicolas Micot640
 
 
 
India Vineet Sharma0
 
France Nicolas Micot220
 
 
 
Austria Christian Hueber319
 
Australia Toby Funston137
 
 
 
Austria Christian Hueber284
 
Austria Christian Hueber251
 
 
 
Australia Min Chen620
 
Spain Isaac Méndez Cortiias676
 
 
 
Australia John Lim317
 
Spain Isaac Méndez Cortifas272
 
 
 
Australia Min Chen489
 
Australia Min Chen664
 
 
 
Madagascar Kiraén Andriamandimbisoa284
 
Australia Andrew Ngai1,250
 
 
 
United States Kenneth Wang760
 
Canada Justin Merson664
 
 
 
Poland Gabriela Stroj (W)980
 
Poland Gabriela Stroj (W)453
 
 
 
United States Ben Rotblatt253
 
United Kingdom Ben Pridmore124
 
 
 
United States Ben Rotblatt302
 
Poland Gabriela Stroj (W)224
 
 
 
United States David Scully174
 
Argentina Joaquin Courreges680
 
 
 
United States David Scully716
 
United States David Scully474
 
 
 
Germany Joris Greiwe220
 
Canada Stephen Xiao22
 
 
 
Germany Joris Greiwe295
 
Poland Gabriela Stroj (W)178
 
 
 
United States Kenneth Wang420
 
United States Harry Seiders692
 
 
 
United States Sameer Jagetia781
 
United States Sameer Jagetia504
 
 
 
United Kingdom Jaq Kennedy552
 
Spain Sergio Travieso260
 
 
 
United Kingdom Jaq Kennedy716
 
United Kingdom Jaq Kennedy360
 
 
 
United States Kenneth Wang530
 
United Kingdom Julie Bowden (SE)680
 
 
 
Brazil / South Africa T.Silva/R. Wessels652
 
United Kingdom Julie Bowden (SE)219
 
 
 
United States Kenneth Wang811
 
United States Kenneth Wang1105
 
 
 
United Kingdom Paul Dent1105
 
Australia Andrew Ngai615
 
 
 
United States Brittany Deaton610
 
United States Joseph Michael Palisoc1105
 
 
 
Canada Mackenzie Dixon159
 
United States Joseph Michael Palisoc680
 
 
 
United States Katelyn Stienen640
 
United States Stephanie Annerose431
 
 
 
United States Katelyn Stienen460
 
United States Joseph Michael Palisoc676
 
 
 
Spain Eduardo Gonzalez Arias224
 
Ukraine Samir Asadov704
 
 
 
United States Brian Hanley757
 
United States Brian Hanley367
 
 
 
Spain Eduardo Gonzalez Arias652
 
Poland Jakub Pomykalski568
 
 
 
Spain Eduardo Gonzalez Arias769
 
United States Joseph Michael Palisoc510
 
 
 
United States Jason Hutcheson242
 
United States Dan Seiders640
 
 
 
United Kingdom Neil Foot482
 
United States Dan Seiders284
 
 
 
United States Jason Hutcheson471
 
United States Jason Hutcheson757
 
 
 
United Kingdom Steve Hales640
 
United States Jason Hutcheson506
 
 
 
United States David Brown295
 
Canada Graydon Moore290
 
 
 
United Kingdom William Freestone680
 
United Kingdom William Freestone179
 
 
 
United States David Brown295
 
United States Nick McCartney420
 
 
 
United States David Brown1105
 
United States Joseph Michael Palisoc1,000
 
 
 
United States Brittany Deaton1,250
 
Germany Fanny Caillot664
 
 
 
United States Morgan Carr471
 
Germany Fanny Caillot262
 
 
 
United States Brittany Deaton735
 
United States Brittany Deaton1000
 
 
 
Canada Thomas Keane220
 
United States Brittany Deaton770
 
 
 
United States JP Delavin0
 
United States JP Delavin692
 
 
 
United Kingdom David Rosel680
 
United States JP Delavin640
 
 
 
Latvia Aleksandrs Goba250
 
United States Nathan Cunningham484
 
 
 
Latvia Aleksandrs Goba745
 
United States Brittany Deaton405
 
 
 
United Kingdom Andrew Biglowe328
 
Argentina Juan Pablo Brea525
 
 
 
United States Michael Thanasides432
 
Argentina Juan Pablo Brea286
 
 
 
Canada Patrick Chatain250
 
Canada Patrick Chatain568
 
 
 
Canada Tyler Hargrave0
 
Argentina Juan Pablo Brea424
 
 
 
United Kingdom Andrew Biglowe556
 
United States Nick Tone260
 
 
 
United Kingdom Andrew Biglowe692
 
United Kingdom Andrew Biglowe775
 
 
 
United Kingdom Tim Roberts (4)610
 
France Pierre Sertin680
 
 
 
United Kingdom Tim Roberts1040
 
Australia Andrew Ngai1,250
 
 
 
Australia Matthew Fried420
 
Canada Michael Jarman 1105
 
 
 
Netherlands Lyanne van Dijk492
 
Canada Michael Jarman674
 
 
 
Hungary Adam Reichenbach82
 
United States Nick Lowman534
 
 
 
Hungary Adam Reichenbach745
 
Canada Michael Jarman744
 
 
 
United States Jesi Lipp0
 
United States Bob Schriver326
 
 
 
United States Jesi Lipp640
 
United States Jesi Lipp640
 
 
 
United States Bryan Ferrier444
 
United States Martin Rydder220
 
 
 
United States Bryan Ferrier500
 
Canada Michael Jarman670
 
 
 
United States Ben deLeon243
 
United States Jack Graham420
 
 
 
Netherlands Martijn Adriaanse640
 
Netherlands Martijn Adriaanse470
 
 
 
United States Andrew Luchenbach250
 
Egypt Khaled Habib240
 
 
 
United States Andrew Luchenbach692
 
Netherlands Martijn Adriaanse530
 
 
 
United States Ben deLeon784
 
United States Ben deLeon757
 
 
 
United States Lianna Gerrish664
 
United States Ben deLeon775
 
 
 
United States Jack Franken640
 
Netherlands Peter van Veen344
 
 
 
United States Jack Franken781
 
Canada Michael Jarman1,200
 
 
 
New Zealand Michael Clarke770
 
New Zealand Michael Clarke640
 
 
 
South Africa Jason Webber189
 
New Zealand Michael Clarke478
 
 
 
Australia Nataly Falero232
 
Belgium Bram Van Eeckhout220
 
 
 
Australia Nataly Falero420
 
New Zealand Michael Clarke653
 
 
 
South Africa Steyn Wolmarans395
 
Grigoriy Korkishko94
 
 
 
South Africa Steyn Wolmarans107
 
South Africa Steyn Wolmarans309
 
 
 
India Dhara Shah250
 
South Africa Gareth Watson42
 
 
 
India Dhara Shah284
 
New Zealand Michael Clarke379
 
 
 
Netherlands Willem Gerritsen242
 
Spain Alfons Oliver Altes263
 
 
 
Hungary Zsolt Mogyorösi84
 
Spain Alfons Oliver Altes319
 
 
 
Thailand Pichaya Pan-anukooln273
 
Japan Jason Naniong208
 
 
 
Thailand Pichaya Pan-anukooln243
 
Spain Alfons Oliver Altes653
 
 
 
Netherlands Willem Gerritsen830
 
United Kingdom Peter Rebecchi114
 
 
 
China Chris Wilson119
 
China Chris Wilson455
 
 
 
Netherlands Willem Gerritsen676
 
Netherlands Jan Mooijer84
 
 
 
Netherlands Willem Gerritsen676
 
Canada Michael Jarman415
 
 
 
Australia Matthew Fried914
 
India Anup Agarwal610
 
 
 
Netherlands Albert Blom84
 
India Anup Agarwal813
 
 
 
Denmark Niels Christian Lundtoft470
 
Denmark Niels Christian Lundtoft420
 
 
 
Poland Jakub Hluzow220
 
India Anup Agarwal360
 
 
 
Australia Matthew Fried830
 
South Africa Christopher Ashworth319
 
 
 
United Kingdom Tom Vincent84
 
South Africa Christopher Ashworth319
 
 
 
Australia Matthew Fried410
 
Australia Matthew Fried640
 
 
 
New Zealand Nick Boberg96
 
Australia Matthew Fried407
 
 
 
Australia Liam Bastick (W)240
 
Italy Lorenzo Foti94
 
 
 
Indonesia Stefanus Ng420
 
Indonesia Stefanus Ng240
 
 
 
Australia Liam Bastick (W)478
 
Australia Liam Bastick (W)261
 
 
 
Belgium Kjell De Troye84
 
Australia Liam Bastick (W)457
 
 
 
United Kingdom Ryan Bains389
 
United Kingdom Ryan Bains232
 
 
 
United Kingdom Stephen Dunn220
 
United Kingdom Ryan Bains442
 
 
 
Thailand Bo Rydobon250
 
Kazakhstan Gani Toleugazyyev220
 
 
 
Thailand BO Rydobon540
 
Australia Matthew Fried986
 
 
 
Canada Michael Holmes976
 
United States Mary Brown640
 
 
 
United States Daric Harrington260
 
United States Mary Brown428
 
 
 
United States Shaun McCarthy397
 
United States Luke Moraga522
 
 
 
United States Shaun McCarthy676
 
United States Mary Brown316
 
 
 
Australia Dan Mayoh310
 
United States Greg Hingsbergen724
 
 
 
Australia Dan Mayoh973
 
Australia Dan Mayoh640
 
 
 
France Loic Coquer18
 
France Loic Coquer444
 
 
 
United States Norm Sheppard300
 
United States Mary Brown232
 
 
 
Canada Michael Holmes405
 
Costa Rica Jelle Hettinga460
 
 
 
Austria Adam Steiner466
 
Austria Adam Steiner220
 
 
 
Canada Michael Holmes420
 
Canada Michael Holmes1099
 
 
 
Mexico Ricardo Domínguez280
 
Canada Michael Holmes988
 
 
 
United States Diarmuid Early834


 
United States Emad Oughourli680
 
 
 
United States Taylor Robinson704
 
United States Taylor Robinson716
 
 
 
United States Diarmuid Early1200


 
United States Robert Valentine250
 
 
United States Diarmuid Early1105
 


2023

The MEWC continued in 2023 with a modified format, the Qualification round was split into nine events, called "Road to Las Vegas" and one Qualification Round. However the 128 final-participants will still be competing in a 1v1 grid. The final of the top 8 will be hosted in Las Vegas.

Microsoft Excel Collegiate Challenge (MECC)

Other Events

FMWC also holds other events (typically Excel Esports battles). Some events have granted automatic qualification to the MEWC playoff rounds. Some events are livestreamed and can be viewed by the public. These events include (but are not limited to):

DateEvent NameWinnerNationCase Name
8 June 2021888 Battle[9][10][11]Michael Jarman CanadaCake To Bake
9 September 2021Battle of 16[12]Diarmuid Early United StatesN/A (Multiple)
17 February 2022Global Excel Summit 2022[13]Jason Webber South AfricaLudo
18 February 2022Global Excel Summit 2022[14]David Brown United StatesSquare of Fortune
31 March 2022Continent Battle: Asia / Pacific[15]Nick Boberg New ZealandMinesweeper
24 May 2022All-Star Battle[16]Andrew Ngai AustraliaN/A (Multiple)
30 June 2022Women's Battle[17]Stephanie Annerose United StatesLottery
28 July 2022Continent Battle: Africa[18]Gareth Watson South AfricaTug of War
25 August 2022Continent Battle: Europe[19]Willem Gerritsen NetherlandsIt's a Sequence
23 February 2023Global Excel Summit 2023[20]Jason Webber South AfricaA Story About the Reels

Notes

  1. Competitors that have registered for at least one stage, not necessarily for the entire competition
  2. Competitors that have attempted at least one stage. A stage score of 0 indicates participation, while a blank stage score does not
  3. Competitors that attempted the maximum number of stages contributing to the final season point total (i.e., The 2021 season had 12 stages, but only the top 10 results determined a competitors season point total. In 2021, 307 competitors participated in at least 10 FMWC stages.)

References

  1. 1 2 "FMWC 2020 Rankings".
  2. "FMWC 2021 Rankings".
  3. "FMWC 2022 Rankings".
  4. "FMWC 2023 Rankings".
  5. 1 2 3 Hachman, Mark (December 10, 2021). "Top Excel experts will battle it out in an esports-like competition this weekend". PCWorld. Retrieved December 11, 2021.
  6. Roth, Emma (December 11, 2021). "Watch these Excel pros duke it out in a financial modeling competition". The Verge. Retrieved December 11, 2021.
  7. Bolding, Jonathan (December 11, 2021). "Watch the world's greatest spreadsheet sorcerers throw down in the World Cup of Microsoft Excel". PC Gamer. Retrieved December 11, 2021.
  8. Financial Modeling World Cup [@FMWC_] (December 10, 2021). "📢 Tomorrow, December 11, is the day for the FMWC Open finals!" (Tweet) via Twitter.
  9. Matyszczyk, Chris (June 10, 2021). "I just watched Microsoft (try to) make Excel exciting. Recovery won't be easy". ZDNet. Archived from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2021.
  10. Sacco, Dom (June 6, 2021). "Microsoft Excel… esports? UK to take part in 'Financial Modeling World Cup'". Esports News UK. Archived from the original on June 6, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2021.
  11. "Acht experts strijden tegen elkaar in internationale Microsoft Excel-competitie" [Eight experts compete in international Microsoft Excel competition]. Algemeen Dagblad (in Dutch). June 5, 2021. Archived from the original on July 4, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2021.
  12. "Battle of 16 – FMWC". Retrieved 2022-01-17.
  13. "Global Excel Summit 2022 - Ludo". Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. "Global Excel Summit 2023 - Square of Fortune". Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  15. "Continent Battle: Asia / Pacific". Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  16. "All-Star Battle". Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  17. "Women's Battle". Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  18. "Continent Battle: Africa". Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  19. "Continent Battle: Europe". Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  20. "Global Excel Summit 2023". Retrieved 2023-04-30.
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