Sherlock Holmes wrestling against archenemy Professor Moriarty.

In literature, an archenemy (sometimes spelled as arch-enemy) or archnemesis is the main enemy of someone.^[1][2][3] In fiction, it is a character who is the protagonist's, commonly a hero's, most prominent and most-known enemy.

Etymology

The word archenemy originated around the mid-16th century, from the words arch-^[3] (from Greek ἄρχω archo meaning 'to lead') and enemy.^[1]

An archenemy may also be referred to as an archrival,^[4] archfoe,^[5] archvillain,^[6] or archnemesis.^[7] However, an archenemy may also be distinguished from a nemesis, with the latter being an enemy whom the hero cannot defeat (or who defeats the hero), even while not being a longstanding or consistent enemy to the hero.^[8]

Historical & Literary Appearance

First prevalent in historical myths, creating formidable adversaries for heroes. Examples of archenemies include Hector, the Greek hero Achilles' main enemy during the Trojan War, and Sir Mordred, responsible for the death of Arthurian legend's King Arthur.

In literature, archenemies serve as catalysts for conflict and character development. In classic literature, characters like Sherlock Holmes and Professor Moriarty showcase the most traditional archenemy dynamic. It is a dynamic brought to life by the brilliant detective pitted against an equally intelligent and formidable antagonist, which adds depth and intrigue to the narrative. More contemporary comic books, like that of the Batman series epitomize archenemies through Batman and Joker, with the latter constantly challenging the hero's moral codes.

Purpose

The narrative structure for an archenemy typically resonates with audiences due to its reflection of real-world personal or societal struggles. These characters are often used to explore themes of duality, morality, through the inherent conflict of near-equally powerful opposing forces. The resolution of the archenemy conflict often symbolizes personal growth, redemption, or the triumph of good over evil for the hero.

See also

• Antagonist
• Supervillain
• Villain
• Hero's Journey

References