Antifascist United Front Frente Única Antifascista | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President | Francesco Frola |
| Founded | June 25, 1933 |
| Dissolved | |
| Headquarters | São Paulo |
| Ideology | Socialism Anti-fascism |
| Political position | left |
| International affiliation | None |
| Colours | Black, Red and White |
The Antifascist United Front (FUA) – [Portuguese: Frente Única Antifascista] was a 1930s Brazilian political organization. Two important segments of São Paulo's left at the time, the anarchists and militants of the Communist Party of Brazil (PCB), did not formally participate, although they maintained contacts and occasionally aligned with the Antifascist front.[1]
History
FUA was founded on 25 June 1933, in São Paulo to oppose fascism, as represented by the Brazilian Integralist Action (AIB). FUA was created on the initiative of Communist League (LC),[2] Brazilian Socialist Party (PSB), Italian anti-fascist immigrants and other leftist organizations.
A meeting was held in the hall of the Civic Union 5 de Julho, in which the Anti-fascist United Front was constituted. The meeting was chaired by Francesco Frola. Attending groups included PSB, LC, Union of Graphic Workers, Socialist University Guild, 5 de Julho Civic Legion, Flag of 18, Giacomo Socialist Group Matteotti, O Homem Livre newspaper, A Rua newspaper, O Socialismo magazine, Grupo Italia Libera, São Paulo Workers Federation (FOSP), and the anarchist newspapers A Lanterna and A Plebe. PCB and entities linked to it were invited, but did not attend.[3]
FUA and other groups held a series of demonstrations. Its militants played an important role in the Battle of the Praça da Sé. Until February 1934, the year in which the organization disbanded, FUA edited the newspaper O Homem Livre, the main antifascist propaganda vehicle of that period.[4]
The antifascist struggle and the general struggle for reforms and against conservative forces culminated in the formation of the National Liberation Alliance (ANL) in 1935.[5]
Context
At the time, political radicalization was evident in Brazil and across the world. In the 1930s, liberalism was in crisis as a result of events such as the Great Depression, the growth of fascism in Europe and the radicalization of communist movements. Liberalism experienced significant competition from other economic and political movements, both from the right and from the left, which ended up marginalizing it. The dysfunctional National Constituent Assembly (between 1933 and 1934) resulted in agitation and turbulence in Brazil. This became a political issue, with socialism, communism, fascism, and anarchism all contending for influence.[1]
See also
References
- 1 2 Castro, Ricardo Figueiredo de (December 2002). "A Frente Única Antifascista (FUA) e o antifascismo no Brasil (1933-1934)". Topoi (Rio de Janeiro). 3 (5): 354–388. doi:10.1590/2237-101X0030050015. ISSN 2237-101X.
- ↑ Figueiredo de Castro, Ricardo (2013). "MÁRIO PEDROSA, LÍVIO XAVIER E AS ORIGENS DO MARXISMO NO BRASIL" (PDF). Marxismo21.org (in Portuguese).
- ↑ Abramo, Fúlvio (2014). The flock of green chickens. A history of anti-fascism in Brazil. Sao Paulo: Veneta
- ↑ Castro, Ricardo Figueiredo de (2010-09-09). "O Homem Livre: um jornal a serviço da liberdade (1933-1934)". Cadernos AEL (in Brazilian Portuguese). 12 (22/23). ISSN 1413-6597.
- ↑ Rodrigues, Andre (2017-12-20). "BANDEIRAS NEGRAS CONTRA CAMISAS VERDES: ANARQUISMO E ANTIFASCISMO NOS JORNAIS A PLEBE E A LANTERNA (1932-1935)". Tempos Históricos (in Portuguese). 21 (2): 74–106. ISSN 1983-1463.