1854 Macedonian Rebellion

Dimitrios Karatasos in the year of the rebellion
DateApril - June 1854
Location
Ottoman Macedonia
Result Ottoman victory
Belligerents
Greek Revolutionaries

Supported By:
Kingdom of Greece Greece		 Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire
Commanders and leaders
Theodoros Ziakas
Dimitrios Karatasos		 Unknown
Strength
2,500+ (peak)[1] Unknown
Casualties and losses
Unknown Unknown

The Macedonian Rebellion of 1854 (Greek: Μακεδονική επανάσταση του 1854) was a Greek rebellion which took place in 1854 and is divided into two phases: the first phase took place in Western and Southern Macedonia and the second in Chalkidiki. However, after pressure from the United Kingdom and France on the government of King Otto of Greece, he was forced to recall the chieftains taking part in the rebellions throughout the Greek-inhabited regions of the Ottoman Empire, including Macedonia. The governments of the United Kingdom and France had assumed that the rebellions were related to the Crimean War (1853–1856).

Events

In Southern Macedonia, the chieftains of Mount Olympos and fighters from independent Greece and Thessaly and Magnesia captured the Vale of Tempe and some parts of Pieria. In Western Macedonia, the revolutionaries led by Theodoros Ziakas took control of the western Pindus and attacked the area of Grevena, but the numerical superiority of the Ottoman army and the hostile stance of the United Kingdom and France resulted in the signing of an armistice and the return of the chieftains to Greece in June 1854.[2]

The second phase took place in Chalkidiki and it was led by Tsamis Karatasos, former adjutant of King Otto.[3] Karatasos had disembarked in Sithonia in April 1854 with 500 irregulars.[4] On 22 of April he launched attacks at an Ottoman encampment in Ormylia, but he faced a counter-attack by 300 bashi-bazouks and his forces retreated. The Ottomans ammased an army of 3,000 men which left Ormylia and marched on the insurgents.[4] In mid-May he fled to Athos and he gathered some volunteers, but was defeated at 28 May and withdrew to Dafni.[4] He also led an attack on Thessaloniki,[5] in which there also was a brief rebellion.[3]

What other time are you awaiting, brother Macedonians? Are we to abide seeing our honour trampled upon, our property seized and our unblemished religion reviled? Is not the blood of our veins Macedonian? Are we not descendants of the glorious king Philip, of Alexander the Great and of Emperor Basil? Let us then take up arms!

— Dimitrios Karatasos, 1854, [6]

Aftermath

After a brief capture of Karyes in Mount Athos, whose monks hadn't supported the rebellion, Karatasos and the other Greek rebels had to return to Athens on the French naval ship SS Solon.[4]

The consuls of the United Kingdom and France took over the protection of both the combatants and the non-combatants who had supported Karatasos from a possible Ottoman invasion of Mount Athos.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Βακαλόπουλος, Απόστολος Ε. (1992). "Νέες ειδήσεις για τις επαναστάσεις του 1821-1829 και 1854 στη Μακεδονία". Μακεδονικά. 28: 1. doi:10.12681/makedonika.117. ISSN 2241-2018.
  2. ↑ Τόζης, Γιάννης Αργ. (1956). "Αμερικανικαί και αγγλικαί πληροφορίαι περι της Επαναστάσεως του 1854 εν Μακεδονία". Μακεδονικά. 3: 142. doi:10.12681/makedonika.1099. ISSN 2241-2018.
  3. 1 2 Βασδραβέλλης, Ι.Κ. (1963). "Η Επανάστασις του 1854 εις την Χαλκιδικήν χερσόνησον". Μακεδονικά. 5 (1): 102. doi:10.12681/makedonika.785. ISSN 2241-2018.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Fennell, Nicholas (2021). Russian Monks on Mount Athos: The Thousand Year History of St Panteleimon's. Holy Trinity Publications. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-942699-42-2.
  5. ↑ Gallant, Thomas W. (2016). Modern Greece: From the War of Independence to the Present. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 102. ISBN 978-1-4725-6758-1.
  6. ↑ M.B. Sakellariou (ed.), Macedonia 4000 years of Greek History and Civilization Ekdotiki Athinon: Athens, p. 448; Karatasos's original proclamation in Greek can be found in Αιών 26.5/7.6.1854

Sources

References

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