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The year 1827 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Chemistry
- Aluminium isolated by Friedrich Wöhler.[1]
- William Prout classifies the components of food into the three main divisions of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.[2]
- Zeise's salt is the first platinum/olefin complex, an early example of organometallic chemistry.
- John Walker first offers friction matches for sale.
Exploration
- William Edward Parry reaches 82°45'N, which will remain for 49 years the highest latitude attained.[3][4]
Geology
- Gideon Mantell publishes his Illustrations of the Geology of Sussex, including the first use of the binomial Megalosaurus bucklandii.
- G. Poulett Scrope publishes his Memoir on the Geology of Central France, including the volcanic formations…, extending by detailed observation his work on volcanology.[5]
History of science
- John Farey publishes A Treatise on the Steam Engine, historical, practical and descriptive in London.
Medicine
- Robert Adams first describes the cardiac condition which will become known as Adams-Stokes syndrome.[6][7]
- Richard Bright first describes the renal condition which will become known as Bright's disease.[8]
Physics
- Robert Brown observes the phenomenon of Brownian motion.[9]
- Joseph Fourier first proposes existence of the greenhouse effect.[10]
Technology
- April 26–May 24 – The Royal Netherlands Navy's British-built paddle steamer Curaçao makes the first Transatlantic Crossing by steam, from Hellevoetsluis to Paramaribo.[11]
- May 25 – Romanian inventor Petrache Poenaru is granted a French patent for a fountain pen.
- c. July – Robert Wilson of Dunbar in Scotland demonstrates a screw propeller.
- Completion of Ozimek Suspension Bridge in Poland, designed by Karl Schottelius, possibly the oldest surviving wrought iron suspension bridge in continental Europe.
- Jacob Perkins introduces the uniflow steam engine to the United Kingdom.[12]
Zoology
- John James Audubon begins publication of The Birds of America in the United Kingdom.
- Three giraffes, the first to be seen in Europe for over three centuries, are presented by the Ottoman Viceroy of Egypt, Mehmet Ali Pasha. Zarafa is presented to King Charles X of France in Paris on 9 July having walked from Marseilles (landed 31 October 1826). The others are presented to King George IV of the United Kingdom in London and the Austrian Emperor Francis I in Vienna.[13]
Higher Education
- Royal Institute of Technology (originally named 'Technological Institute') founded in Stockholm, Sweden.
Awards
Births
- January 13 (O.S. January 1) – Nikolay Beketov (died 1911), Russian chemist.
- January 7 – Sandford Fleming (died 1915), Scottish-born Canadian engineer and surveyor known as the "father of time zones".
- April 5 – Joseph Lister (died 1912), British inventor of antiseptic.
- May 31 – Kusumoto Ine (born Shiimoto Ine, died 1903), pioneering Japanese woman physician.
- August 27 – Henry Edwards (died 1891), English-born entomologist and actor.
- November 30 – George Jackson Mivart (died 1900), English biologist.
- December 29 – Bernhard Sigmund Schultze (died 1919), German obstetrician.
- Henry Gray (died 1861), English anatomist.
Deaths
- March 5
- Pierre-Simon Laplace (born 1749), French mathematician.
- Alessandro Volta (born 1745), Italian physicist.
- April 3 – Ernst Chladni (born 1756), German physicist.
- April 12 - Michele Troja (born 1747), Italian physician[15]
- July 14 – Augustin-Jean Fresnel (born 1788), French physicist.
References
- ↑ Wöhler, Friedrich. "Ueber das Aluminium". Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Retrieved 9 July 2010.
- ↑ Ahrens, Richard (1977). "William Prout (1785–1850): a Biographical Sketch". Journal of Nutrition. 107 (1): 15–23. doi:10.1093/jn/107.1.15. PMID 319206. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
- ↑ Narrative of the Attempt to reach the North Pole, &c.. 1827.
- ↑ Berton, Pierre (1988). The Arctic Grail: the Quest for the North West Passage and the North Pole, 1818-1909. Toronto: Random House of Canada. p. 100. ISBN 1-58574-116-7.
- ↑ Burke, James (1985). The Day the Universe Changed. London: BBC. p. 250. ISBN 0-563-20192-4.
- ↑ Adams, Robert (1827). "Cases of Diseases of the Heart". Dublin Hospital Reports. 4: 353–453.
- ↑ Leibowitz, J. O. (1970). The History of Coronary Heart Disease. London: Wellcome Institute. pp. 110–111. ISBN 0-85484-005-2.
- ↑ Bright, Richard (1827). Reports of Medical Cases, Selected with a View of Illustrating the Symptoms and Cure of Diseases by a Reference to Morbid Anatomy. Vol. 1. London: Longmans.
- ↑ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
- ↑ Fourier, Joseph (1827). "Mémoire sur la température du globe terrestre et des espaces planétaires". Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences. Paris. 7: 569–604.
- ↑ "Steamship Curaçao". Archived from the original on 2010-12-24. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
- ↑ Dickinson, H. W. (1938). A Short History of the Steam Engine. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Allin, Michael (1999). Zarafa: A Giraffe's True Story, from Deep in Africa to the Heart of Paris. Delta Books. ISBN 0-385-33411-7.
- ↑ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
- ↑ (in French) A. von Schoenberg, Biographie de Michel Troja, Dr et professeur in Bulletin universel des sciences et de l'industrie: Bulletin des sciences médicales. Bureau du Bulletin. 1831. pp. 226–. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
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